Magnetism and quantum computers.

"Researchers at the University of Liège have developed a groundbreaking method to rapidly generate quantum superpositions, known as NOON states, using a combination of geometry and quantum control. This innovation drastically reduces preparation time from minutes to milliseconds, opening the door to practical applications in quantum computing and ultra-precise sensors. Credit: SciTechDaily.com" (ScitechDaily, Quantum Leap: Scientists Slash Atom Superposition Time by 10,000x)

Quantum computers are complicated systems. The quantum computer uses qubits for the data-handling process. Qubits are superpositioned and entangled particles to transport information inside them. Normally those systems use superpositioned and entangled photon pairs. The system traps photons in the frame. 

And then it starts to make the superposition and entanglements. That kind of quantum entanglement is quite hard to control because photons are so weak, that gravitational waves can affect them. 

That makes those qubits a little bit unstable. In a quantum computer, the system drives information into the particle, and then superposition and entanglement start to transport information between two superpositioned and entangled particle pairs.  

"Scientists have discovered over a dozen exotic quantum states using twisted molybdenum ditelluride, potentially paving the way for magnet-free topological quantum computers. Credit: SciTechDaily.com" (ScitechDaily, The Quantum Zoo Just Got Wilder: Magnet-Free States Discovered in Twisted Crystals)

"An illustration depicts an unexpectedly strong attraction between electrons in neighboring lattice sites within a 1D chain of copper oxide, or cuprate – a material that conducts electrical current with no loss at relatively high temperatures in their 2D counterparts. In a recent study, Stanford and SLAC scientists used X-rays to examine the behavior of pairs of spinons – quasiparticles that represent an electron’s spin. This experiment provides further evidence of an unusually strong attractive force not captured by the Hubbard model, the leading theory for predicting electron behavior in solids. Authors say the model fails to explain electron dynamics in cuprates, even in simplified, one-dimensional systems. Credit: SCI-HUA" (ScitechDaily, Superconductivity Mystery: Scientists Challenge a 50-Year Theory of Electron Behavior)

Things like atoms and electrons would be better particles for superposition and entanglements. But their problem is: how to protect those qubits against changes in a magnetic field. If the system can protect superposition and entanglement that makes it possible to transport information between those two particles.  

The new observations about magnetism make it possible to create new fundamental states of quantum technology. What if we could make the cylinder-shaped Hall field or Hall effect and control that field? If we, or researchers, can make the Hall effect that forms a field. 

That is slight inside. They can create a tube that protects the quantum entanglement inside it. The horizontal Hall effect is possible. That thing can make a new type of protective field that denies the internal disturbance. In some wild ideas, the Hall effect field can used as a Tipler time machine, or its quantum version. 

"Scientists have observed the anomalous Hall effect in a collinear antiferromagnet, defying conventional theories by showing it can occur without magnetization, potentially revolutionizing our understanding of quantum materials. Credit: SciTechDaily.com" (ScitechDaily, Rewriting Textbooks: Physicists Discover Anomalous Hall Effect Where It Shouldn’t Exist)

In that case the high-speed spinning magnetic field around the quantum channel. The idea is that The Hall field around those nanotubes will slow the time. In those nanotubes, the data travel between two superpositioned and entangled particles. If the fast spinning field surrounds those quantum channels that should cause time dilation in the nanotube. And that gives the quantum computer more time to operate. 

Another interesting thing is magnet-free states in twisted crystals. Those magnet-free states make it possible to create electron and atomic-scale quantum entanglements. The complex system entanglements can be the key to the new types of quantum systems. Information can travel between those two complex systems through their quantum fields. 

And if the system can make quantum entanglement using electrons or atoms it makes it easier to control those qubits. But the problem is the magnetic states. The system must protect those superpositioned and entangled particles against magnetic fields and especially against changes in the magnetic fields. 

https://scitechdaily.com/quantum-leap-scientists-slash-atom-superposition-time-by-10000x/

https://scitechdaily.com/the-quantum-zoo-just-got-wilder-magnet-free-states-discovered-in-twisted-crystals/

https://scitechdaily.com/rewriting-textbooks-physicists-discover-anomalous-hall-effect-where-it-shouldnt-exist/

https://scitechdaily.com/superconductivity-mystery-scientists-challenge-a-50-year-theory-of-electron-behavior/

 

The future AI cognition mimics humans.

The AI can have a physical body. The robot body communicates with supercomputers. And it makes them more flexibility. 

AI learns the same way as humans. The learning process and its power depend on the diversity of the information. AI requires versatile information from multiple sources. And when we think about AI. And its ability to learn things. 

We must think about it. Why and where we learn. We can try everything ourselves. But there is another way. We can network with other people who do similar things. And then we can share our experiences and thoughts with other people in that network. 

We might have a good education. But we go to learning meetings. We learn from other people's experiences. Sharing information makes networks effective tools to learn things. In that model, the single actor must not make and know everything. 

When we talk with other people we can expand our view of things. We get more ideas when we meet other people and share our thoughts. 

We can work with those ideas. And mix them with our environment. That thing extends our corridors and predisposes us to new information. Information plays a vital role in the learning process. If some actor in the network, which can be human or some server faces something. That thing can be shared with another network. If the server is under network attack the system can collect all data from that event into its memories. Then it can share that data all over the network. And other actors can mimic that server to defend themselves against similar attacks. 

Similar way. AI should talk about other things. If the AI is just a language model. It has limited ways to learn things. Mainly large language model learns in a verbal way. And that is a very limited way. It's easy to write things to LLM and order it to do something when something happens. This can be enough in cases where the AI should detect and defend against network attacks. 

In second image is the vision of a robot that operates in the Kuiper Belt. Those robots can have quantum computer brains. The Kuiper Belt is a good place for compact quantum computers. 

That program creates a reflex to the system. When something happens that system reacts like it is programmed. Think about a case in which you should explain everything using words. That thing is possible. But it's more limited than if the AI can use images or films in the learning process. 

That means the AI can learn things from the homepages. And maybe from surveillance cameras. But if the AI has a physical form like a robot that interacts with a server, that runs the AI that extends its ability to learn things. The AI learns things visually. By connecting certain images or things with certain actions. That is a more versatile and easier way to teach things to AI. The physical body that communicates with the server can be discussed with people. 

The robot body can keep in contact with the LLM. The system can operate remotely. The LLM works in servers or in morphing neural networks. Those servers can be in the bunker. Or the system can use non-centralized computing. That means the system can share responsibilities all around the robot groups. The system just connects robots computers into entireties. 

In some futuristic visions, humans will fly to the Kuiper Belt to make quantum computers in that cold and stable environment. In the Kuiper Belt, every metal is in superconducting condition. So that means even human-size robots can have quantum brains. That gives them extremely powerful computing capacity. The low temperature with a static environment makes the Kuiper Belt a promising place to make quantum computers. 

 https://bigthink.com/the-future/ai-cognition-and-the-road-to-meaning/

 

Lasers can block light itself. And that opens new paths to quantum technologies.

"A new study demonstrates that under certain conditions, light can create shadows by blocking other light, similar to how solid objects cast shadows. Credit: SciTechDaily.com" (ScitechDaily, Defying Physics: Lasers That Can Block Light Itself)

That thing can make many new things in the world of communication, weaponry, and many other things. The laser's ability to block light makes it possible to create electromagnetic wormholes through the air. That allows communication systems to transport information in a highly secured mode through the air using laser rays. The hollow laser rays make it possible to send photons through long distances and the outside light doesn't disturb those photons. 

The ability to black light means that laser rays can also block IR radiation which makes it possible to create an electromagnetic shield that protects the target against infrared radiation. That allows the creation of extremely good protection against thermal radiation. 

It's possible to use laser systems that operate in thermal infrared areas, and those systems can block thermal IR radiation. The thermal IR hologram can also be used to open the path to the tanks. If that system has enough power it can detonate the ammunition before the target. The IR hologram is sharper and easier to control than microwave systems. 

In visions, the protective field that protects vehicles and aircraft against the material ammunition can be a high-power hologram. The high-power hologram can melt incoming ammunition and then the acoustic system turns that thing away.

The ability to block light makes it possible to create holograms that can block laser rays and other types of electromagnetic radiation. That system can make it possible to protect satellites and other things against laser rays and other ammunition. The same system can also protect spacecraft against the incoming micrometeorites. 

Above NASA's vision of the futuristic spacecraft. The system could make an electromagnetic wormhole to the front of the craft. The system can use a mixture of rotating electromagnetic systems to create the channel that pulls the craft in it or raise the difference between energy levels behind the craft and in front of it. That maximizes the power of the thrust. 

The system is called: Alcubierre WARP drive. The idea is that the system maximizes the difference between energy levels at the front of the craft and behind the craft. 

The ability to block light using laser rays makes it possible to create spacecraft that can create electromagnetic wormholes at the front of it. The system can use a mixture of different electromagnetic and acoustic systems to make the channel through the air or space. That kind of electromagnetic-acoustic wormhole can make the channel that pulls the spacecraft or aircraft through the air or even space. 

That kind of channel is the system that can make the spacecraft travel faster than ever before. The idea is that the system creates a tunnel through the space and then increases the punch of the system, that thing decreases the energy level at the front of the craft. 

That means the electromagnetic tunnel at the front of the craft through space increases the difference in the energy levels at the engine exhaust and the nose. Maybe those things are not yet topical. However, the ability to create electromagnetic wormholes means that the system can transport information faster than outside that channel. 

The electromagnetic wormhole requires multiple electromagnetic devices like lasers, radio waves, and acoustic systems. Each of those systems blocks its own frequency.  Those systems' cooperation makes it possible to create a channel where there are no outside electromagnetic effects and that is a great advance for quantum computing. 

The system can create a protected channel that makes the quantum entanglement unreachable from outside radiation. That thing makes it possible to deny the thermal effect of the quantum entanglement. The ability to close outside interference out from the channel makes it possible to control superposition and quantum entanglement better than ever before. 

https://scitechdaily.com/defying-physics-lasers-that-can-block-light-itself/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcubierre_drive

The metal-fueled rockets can use to conquer our solar system.

Metal-fueled rockets are one type of the ion engine. Or they use the same method to create thrust as ion engines. The metal rocket uses metal vapor that the magnets drive backward. In space or inside the asteroid belt the system can get its energy from large solar panels. And outside the asteroid belt, the miniature nuclear reactor can give electricity to that system.

In that kind of system, the long solar panels can also be used as a cooling system for the nuclear reactor. The metal engine can also use another material that it vaporizes. The metal engine can use magnetic metals as neutral atoms, which it drives through the acceleration track. But it can use ions and also things like water or hydrocarbons. In the last cases, the system ionizes material that travels through its acceleration track.

Or it just raises the material temperature to make it expand. In those systems, the electric arc or some other electromagnetic radiation replaces combustion and causes the expansion of the fuel. 

The idea is that the laser or microwave systems vaporize metal powder, and then a magnetic accelerator drives that high-temperature metal vapor through the acceleration track. The laser system can shoot its beam through that metal vapor to increase its speed and thrust. The metal vapor can also used in "normal rockets". The system must only vaporize metal in the "combustion chamber" or this case expansion chamber. 

Can this kind of rocket travel to space from launchpads on  Earth? 

The expansion of the metal vapor causes a similar effect to burning fuel. The system can pump the air to that chamber to increase thrust and keep the temperature low. In some theoretical versions, the system uses metal wire that feeds into the burning or expansion chamber. The laser, electric arcs, and/ or, microwaves will vaporize that metal. Then the system injects things like liquid gas into this heated metal wire. 

And the only problem is the power source. The electric vaporization system requires energy. In some crazy ideas, the system uses a laser that is installed in the launching pad. Then that laser will be shot into the combustion chamber. The wireless electric transfer system will transport energy to the rocket using coherent radio waves. 

The opposite operating engine. 

In some cases, there are discussions about the metal vapor or metal ion engines that blow particle flow forward. The idea is "stolen" from the cartoons, where the hero blows air to sails using a propeller or bellows. The ion or magnetic system blows particles into the shield or "sail" ahead of that craft. 

The idea is that the system can fix the ion engine's weak thrust. In some cases, there are plans to use steam. That is created from hydrocarbons or water ice. The metal engine requires a higher temperature, but the system works with a similar principle. It vaporizes metal that acts like a propellant in other rockets. 

https://scitechdaily.com/revolutionary-metal-fueled-rockets-promise-infinite-space-journeys/ 

Will humans survive the sun's red giant stage?

"As the Sun matures into a Red Giant, the oceans will boil and Earth will become uninhabitable." (The Conversation, The sun won’t die for 5 billion years, so why do humans have only 1 billion years left on Earth?)

Sooner or later, all stars use their hydrogen. And then they turn into red giants. Sun is a yellow G spectral class star that turns into a white dwarf. But before that, the sun will turn larger.  The sun turns red and that means. It starts to send more infrared radiation. This thing will turn Earth into a hellish temperature that vaporizes water from Earth. 

It's possible. That Earth will also vaporize with Venus and Mercury. Some scientists say that we have only 1 billion years to move farther in the solar system. The habitable zone will go to the distance of Jupiter and Saturn, and maybe humans find a safe place in those distant moons. 

It's possible that before Sun will grow too large humans make large groups of mirror satellites or large shields that should filter major parts of the Sun's radiation. It's possible that humans also use counter-ion cannons that should turn particle- or plasma flow from the sun away. The ion beam will push the particle flow past Earth and the shield also creates energy for those systems. 

Humans can use the white dwarf as an energy source. They can drive small asteroids against white dwarfs. Those impacts release kinetic energy. Another way is to shoot a white dwarf with an ion cannon. Those ions make nuclear fusion on the white dwarf shell. The silicone panels can collect energy from those impacts and fusion. 

The end of the Sun will be a nova eruption. And in that moment humans can use that eruption as the push for solar sails. Those solar sails will transport our descendants to other solar systems. Red dwarfs can be more suitable for a colony than we think. The problem is that all planets around red dwarfs are locked. That means their nightside is cold, and the dayside is hot as hell. That causes powerful wind over the planet. 

But it's possible to use the star riser to raise the red dwarf's energy level. Colonists must just aim powerful microwave or laser ray to raise the red dwarf's temperature. Those systems can use antimatter as an energy source. The futuristic colonists may surround the red dwarf using a nanotechnical ball. That ball would be the network, where the system detonates antimatter. That presses the red dwarf into a smaller size and raises its temperature. 

What if colonists turn red dwarfs into blue dwarfs by aiming microwaves or laser rays into them? 

"What is a Blue Dwarf Star? Blue Dwarf Stars, are a theoretical state that a Red Dwarf will become once it has passed its Main Sequence stage, which is the stage in which it has finished its hydrogen supplies." (Universeguide.com/ What is a Blue Dwarf Star?)

What if the colonists transform a red dwarf into a blue dwarf? The antimatter lasers and microwave systems can raise the red dwarf's surface temperature. And it's possible, that the first blue dwarf in our galaxy is man-made. Maybe the hypothetical colonists use a large-scale satellite swarm that surrounds the red dwarf. Those satellites will use the energy that they get from red dwarf or nuclear reactors. Then they aim their radiation transmitters to the star, and that surface temperature rises to a very high level. 

The satellite can catch particles from the red dwarf. And then it can turn them into the antimatter. The antimatter-annihilation gives a very high energy level to the laser or maser system that raises the star's temperature. 

The idea is to turn the red dwarf into a blue dwarf. That hypothetical star has not been found yet. But lasers, antimatter, or electromagnetic can be used to create artificial blue dwarfs. The blue dwarfs are the hypothetical final stage of red dwarfs before they turn into the white dwarfs. The star will be extremely hot. And that allows for the transfer of the habitable zone to a longer distance. So that allows us to move to planets that are not locked. The ability to manipulate red dwarfs requires that we will travel to those stars. 

https://theconversation.com/the-sun-wont-die-for-5-billion-years-so-why-do-humans-have-only-1-billion-years-left-on-earth-37379

https://www.universeguide.com/fact/bluedwarfstar

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blue_dwarf_(red-dwarf_stage)

How to make a moonbase?

The moonbase can involve cabin modules that have life support systems. The problem in the moonbase is radiation and micrometeorites. Also, solar wind or plasma flow from the sun can cause problems in the cabins. When high-energy plasma impacts the moonbase it causes radiation and electric pikes. And that's why there should be some kind of magnetic system like high-power electric magnets. That can pull that plasma away from the moon base. 

In many models, there can also be a liquid hydrogen layer between manned module and space. The liquid hydrogen layer that is between the sun and the crew can absorb radiation effectively. Below the hydrogen layer can be space that denies hydrogen flow into the manned module. The hydrogen shell can be like a vault or "Chernobyl" nuclear site's sarcophagus around the manned modules. That structure's purpose is to protect the crew against the cosmic radiation. 

But the moon concrete is the key element in the building site. Moon minerals involve iron and titanium. The centrifugal isolator can be used to separate elements from each other. But the moon concrete can be used to make the shield against micro- and larger meteorites. The moon base must have a laser or some other system to protect it against meteorites. 

Engineers use concrete to make things that they want in normal building sites. But when engineers want to make moon stations. They face many problems. And one of them is that normal concrete does not fit on the moon. Moon minerals are suitable for moon concrete. But the difference is that the system uses melted minerals. 

"NASA and international partners are exploring microwave sintering to build a lunar base using local materials like ilmenite, enhancing construction efficiency by leveraging the mineral’s unique properties for rapid heating." (ScitechDaily, From Science Fiction to Reality: How Scientists Plan To Build a Lunar Base)

The laser or microwave systems melt the moon dust. And then the system makes brick- or Lego-looking structures.  Then the builders will put those Lego particles in the right form, and then lasers or microwaves melt those bricks into one homogenous structure. The moon bricks are made using melted moon minerals. 

The problem is: where the system gets energy. Solar panels can give electricity to the microwave systems. And lasers can use sunlight as a power source. The thing is that if there is some mineral that can fold microwaves, that thing can make it possible to create a microwave lensing system to melt moondust. 

The 3D printers can create those moonbases. The melted moondust is the raw material for those 3D-printed structures. The system melts the moondust using lasers, electric arcs, or microwaves and then drives it through the nozzle. 

In some possible scenarios, the iron-based moon silicate will be put in the moon dust. Then the microwaves will conduct to that mixture. And iron minerals can help the system to absorb electromagnetic radiation. 

But the thing is that maybe the hybrid systems are the best in that business. Laser systems and giant optical parabolic mirrors can make it possible to melt moondust in the daytime. Then at nighttime, the system can use nuclear-powered microwave systems to make the lava, which the system can model to the structures for the moon base. 

https://3dprint.com/113205/esa-3d-printed-moon-base/

https://scitechdaily.com/from-science-fiction-to-reality-how-scientists-plan-to-build-a-lunar-base/

The breakthrough in material science.

"Researchers have developed an innovative tool that accelerates the design of auxetic materials—materials that expand when compressed and contract when stretched. This could lead to broader applications in products requiring impact resistance and comfort, such as safety gear and apparel. Credit: SciTechDaily.com" (ScitechDaily,“Huge Advance” – New Technique Creates Common Sense-Defying Materials More Easily)

The science known as auxetics researches the stretching of material.  Materials like rubber are auxetic materials because you can stretch that material. In normal situations, the auxetic materials turn thinner when somebody stretches them. But what if the material turns thicker? Or material stretches like that surface area turns larger. That thing makes it possible to create new solutions. 

That stands for mechanic and electromagnetic stress in a new way. When the surface area of material grows the distance of its particles grows. That forms energy pockets where energy can go. The problem with dense materials is that if energy impact hits dense materials. And that impact is strong enough that pushes the material particles away from each other. 

The big weakness of regular graphene is that it forms standing waves in the structure. The small sticks can used to conduct that energy away from graphene. Those sticks can pull energy out from the graphene layer. But if the edges of that 2D structure are put in the fullerene balls that allows the graphene to expand. When the end of the carbon chain is freely in the fullerene. That ball is allowed to move inside it. 

What would you do with the material where an impact energy travels only horizontally? If that kind of material is possible to make that would be the biggest advance in material technology. If all impact energy travels horizontally. That means the energy will not conduct to the structure below the layer. That kind of structure requires space at its side, which allows it to expand horizontally. 

Normal material (Above) and auxetic material (below). Theoretically is possible to create the auxetic version of the 2D carbon. Graphene is a regular material, even if it's fundamental. "The auxetic fullerene" requires that the carbon atoms form a structure that is similar to the image below introduces.

Normally when a particle hits material it transfers energy in it. That impact energy makes a pothole in the material. Theoretically is possible to make material. Their impacts don't make those potholes.  That requires the possibility of making the material. There an impact energy travels only horizontally on layer. That thing requires the spring structure that impacts energy can't push down. If the material transfers impact energy only horizontally that thing makes it possible to create the new types of armor.

The new types of graphene can be the base of that thing. In that graphene, the carbon atoms should form the spring-looking structures. That spring gives new features to the material. 

But how to protect materials against heat and electromagnetic stress? The idea is that the material forms a mosaic-like structure. And at the side of all of those bricks or blocks is a lower energy area. That thing can conduct thermal energy out from the brick. 

It's possible to create materials that can resist even nuclear explosions. Those materials require energy pockets where thermal and kinetic energy can go. And the problem is the standing wave in those pockets. When radiation hits the material. It causes resonation in the atoms. That resonation forms the impacting waves that push atoms away. 

If there are pockets where energy can go. That makes the material more resistant to that kind of thing. The material starts to contract and that brings its structures closer to the standing waves. And that is the second critical moment. If something can conduct energy out from material and pull those standing waves away. That thing makes it possible to create a new era of material research. 

In regular nanotechnical armors, there are 2D graphene structures on top of each other. Between those structures can be DNA springs. And then. Those springs will pull impact energy into them. 

In some models, there are graphene nanotube pillars between two or more graphene layers. Those rigid structures can alternate with structures that are the DNA nano springs between layers. 

The air or some gas will travel between those layers and the energy can transfer to that gas from those pillars. The small iron bits can pull electromagnetic energy into them. Iron is the lowest energy element in the universe. And that allows EM energy to travel into iron. That allows to creation of material that will not create radar echo. And that is the new type of stealth structure. 

https://scitechdaily.com/huge-advance-new-technique-creates-common-sense-defying-materials-more-easily/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auxetics