"Researchers have developed an innovative tool that accelerates the design of auxetic materials—materials that expand when compressed and contract when stretched. This could lead to broader applications in products requiring impact resistance and comfort, such as safety gear and apparel. Credit: SciTechDaily.com" (ScitechDaily,“Huge Advance” – New Technique Creates Common Sense-Defying Materials More Easily)
The science known as auxetics researches the stretching of material. Materials like rubber are auxetic materials because you can stretch that material. In normal situations, the auxetic materials turn thinner when somebody stretches them. But what if the material turns thicker? Or material stretches like that surface area turns larger. That thing makes it possible to create new solutions.
That stands for mechanic and electromagnetic stress in a new way. When the surface area of material grows the distance of its particles grows. That forms energy pockets where energy can go. The problem with dense materials is that if energy impact hits dense materials. And that impact is strong enough that pushes the material particles away from each other.
The big weakness of regular graphene is that it forms standing waves in the structure. The small sticks can used to conduct that energy away from graphene. Those sticks can pull energy out from the graphene layer. But if the edges of that 2D structure are put in the fullerene balls that allows the graphene to expand. When the end of the carbon chain is freely in the fullerene. That ball is allowed to move inside it.
What would you do with the material where an impact energy travels only horizontally? If that kind of material is possible to make that would be the biggest advance in material technology. If all impact energy travels horizontally. That means the energy will not conduct to the structure below the layer. That kind of structure requires space at its side, which allows it to expand horizontally.
Normally when a particle hits material it transfers energy in it. That impact energy makes a pothole in the material. Theoretically is possible to make material. Their impacts don't make those potholes. That requires the possibility of making the material. There an impact energy travels only horizontally on layer. That thing requires the spring structure that impacts energy can't push down. If the material transfers impact energy only horizontally that thing makes it possible to create the new types of armor.
The new types of graphene can be the base of that thing. In that graphene, the carbon atoms should form the spring-looking structures. That spring gives new features to the material.
But how to protect materials against heat and electromagnetic stress? The idea is that the material forms a mosaic-like structure. And at the side of all of those bricks or blocks is a lower energy area. That thing can conduct thermal energy out from the brick.
It's possible to create materials that can resist even nuclear explosions. Those materials require energy pockets where thermal and kinetic energy can go. And the problem is the standing wave in those pockets. When radiation hits the material. It causes resonation in the atoms. That resonation forms the impacting waves that push atoms away.
If there are pockets where energy can go. That makes the material more resistant to that kind of thing. The material starts to contract and that brings its structures closer to the standing waves. And that is the second critical moment. If something can conduct energy out from material and pull those standing waves away. That thing makes it possible to create a new era of material research.
In regular nanotechnical armors, there are 2D graphene structures on top of each other. Between those structures can be DNA springs. And then. Those springs will pull impact energy into them.
In some models, there are graphene nanotube pillars between two or more graphene layers. Those rigid structures can alternate with structures that are the DNA nano springs between layers.
The air or some gas will travel between those layers and the energy can transfer to that gas from those pillars. The small iron bits can pull electromagnetic energy into them. Iron is the lowest energy element in the universe. And that allows EM energy to travel into iron. That allows to creation of material that will not create radar echo. And that is the new type of stealth structure.
https://scitechdaily.com/huge-advance-new-technique-creates-common-sense-defying-materials-more-easily/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auxetics
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