What kind of tools does the next-generation particle research need?

"Although there are many novel proposals for new particle colliders, including in China, at CERN, and at Fermilab, the question of whether to build a circular machine, a linear lepton collider, or to pursue a novel muon collider all remain options on the table. In an ideal world, we’d get a linear machine to study the Higgs and the electroweak phase transition with great precision, and then a circular machine to collide hadrons at even higher energies. But funding, political realities, and popular opinion will also play a major role in determining what decisions get made."  (BigThink, How particle physics will continue after the last collider)

The problem with particle accelerators is that they cannot grow endlessly. Things like the Large Hadron Collider, LHC are operating at their ultimate energy level. And that means there must be new particle accelerators and colliders for new results. That means the LHC’s “only” big discovery was the Higgs boson. Sometimes researchers discuss the possibility that the Higgs boson that the LHC found may not be the Higgs boson that physicist Peter Higgs predicted. The LHC detected a new boson, but it's possible that the Higgs boson’s energy level was too low compared to the energy level that Peter Higgs predicted for his boson. The question is was the LHC found the same Higgs boson that Peter Higgs predicted? 

But confirming that thing is harder than anybody predicted. The existence of the Higgs boson is so short that it’s hard to observe. But there is a so-called small asymmetry that means that there can be some other particle inside that boson. The new particle accelerator called the Future Circular Collider, FCC, would need at least 100 kilometers in diameter to really make the new science. And maybe in the distant future, the Earth will get a new ring. 

That ring is the particle accelerator that can give answers to the deepest questions like where gravity really comes from? The high-energy particle accelerators are required to shoot the smallest and highest-energy particles out. There are tested things like accelerated particles using laser rays and photons that kick electrons and positrons forward. In some visions, the particle accelerator can be two particle accelerators. The annihilator explosions around the internal accelerator could pump more energy into particles. Or in other versions photons that kick electrons and positrons forward will be created using annihilation. When the system pushes electrons forward the system explodes antimatter behind them.

"The first muon ever detected, along with other cosmic ray particles, was determined to be the same charge as the electron, but hundreds of times heavier, due to its speed and radius of curvature. The muon was the first of the heavier generations of particles to be discovered, dating all the way back to the 1930s." (BigThink, How particle physics will continue after the last collider)

"Bubble chamber tracks from Fermilab, revealing the charge, mass, energy, and momentum of the particles and antiparticles created. This recreates similar conditions to what was present during the Big Bang, where matter and antimatter can both be readily created from pure energy. At the highest energies, all particles and antiparticles can be created, but at energies corresponding to “only” a temperature of ~10 billion K or so, electron-positron pairs can still be spontaneously created." (BigThink, How particle physics will continue after the last collider)

"The Future Circular Collider (in blue) would overlap slightly with the current Large Hadron Collider, but requires an additional ring (and tunnel) somewhere upward of 80 km in circumference: dwarfing the LHC’s current 27 km circumference. Bigger tunnels and stronger magnets are needed for a more energetic hadron collider, with the FCC proposing ~16 T magnets, approximately double the LHC’s current magnet strength."  (BigThink, How particle physics will continue after the last collider)

"This illustration shows a hypothetical ring around the Earth, which could represent a particle accelerator even larger than the Earth’s circumference. With approximately ~1500 times the radius of the Large Hadron Collider, such an accelerator, even with only slightly more advanced magnet technology, would be thousands of times more powerful. A particle accelerator that was merely a factor of ~10 more powerful than the LHC could potentially shed tremendous light on the matter-antimatter asymmetry puzzle."  (BigThink, How particle physics will continue after the last collider)

"In this artistic rendering, an active, supermassive black hole whose jet points at us (a blazar) is accelerating protons to extreme energy, producing pions as daughter particles, which in turn produce neutrinos and gamma rays. Extreme events in energy are thought to be generated by processes occurring around the largest supermassive black holes known in the Universe when they’re actively feeding. The energies of these cosmic rays vastly exceed those achieved in terrestrial accelerators." (BigThink, How particle physics will continue after the last collider)

 

"By taking a hot air balloon up to high altitudes, far higher than could be achieved by simply walking, hiking, or driving to any location, scientist Victor Hess was able to use a detector to demonstrate the existence and reveal the components of cosmic rays. In many ways, these early expeditions, dating back to 1912, marked the birth of cosmic ray astrophysics." (BigThink, How particle physics will continue after the last collider)

High Altitude Airship, HAA concept (Space.com)

The MQ-4 drone

It’s possible that the AI helps to predict the point where the highest energy particles hit the atmosphere. Or the point where high-energy cosmic bursts travel. If the system can predict those high-energy bursts places and times it helps to fly the system to receive those signals. The high-flying balloons, drones, and airships can collect those high-energy particles with their sensors. If the system is automated, that saves pilots from the cosmic radiation. 

The system that uses annihilator photon acceleration can collect that antimatter from the solar wind. The system transforms electrons that hit the accelerator’s shell into antimatter. And when there is enough antimatter that system can detonate those particles. The antimatter can give extremely high energy impacts to the particle accelerators and create ultra-high temperature plasma. High-flying aircraft can also collect antimatter from the high atmosphere. In that case, the system uses the chamber where the wall is made of gold. When high-energy particles like electrons hit that chamber the gold layer transforms them into anti-electrons. 

The problem with particle accelerators is when an electron or any other particle turns its direction in the circular collider it releases photons. That means when the direction of the particle changes it loses its energy. The spaceborne systems can use solar panels to get energy for the annihilators. Then the main energy source for those monster colliders is annihilation. But those visions are far, far away in the future. That kind of system could require rings that are larger than Earth's trajectory around the Sun. 

The problem is that when the new systems operate always within its highest possible energy level the new science requires new accelerators. And the size of the accelerators cannot endlessly grow. And the particle accelerator that surrounds Earth requires the ultimate change in the political environment. And there is always the possibility that something goes wrong. 

So, maybe. The futuristic extremely large particle accelerators will be created far away from Earth. Because if there is a small metal bite like iron dust in the accelerator and then somebody puts it on, that iron bite can impact the particle accelerator's walls causing a terrible situation where lots of energy will be released. 

There is always the possibility of using things like cosmic high-energy bursts to make the energy that rises above the energy level that particle accelerators can get from Earth. The energy level of those cosmic energy bursts is ultimately high. But the problem is that those cosmic energy beams and particles that ride in them are hard to predict. Cosmic energy bursts happen all the time. But for collecting those energy bursts the system requires a precise place and time where that energy beam travels. 

The high-flying aircraft can also collect and detect cosmic radiation and particles that arrive in the Earth's atmosphere. Maybe artificial intelligence,  AI can help to locate the points where the highest energy particles hit. And if the system can predict the time when those particles hit, that allows it to transfer aircraft to collect those particles into its sensors. The fact is that drones or high-flying airships can make that mission. The fully automated system saves pilots from the cosmic radiation. And that thing makes it possible to create new methods to observe the highest energy particles in the universe. 

https://bigthink.com/starts-with-a-bang/particle-physics-continue-last-collider/

https://www.space.com/28132-nasa-airship-challenge.html

Can Sci-fi weapons: nanomachines and sophons be a reality someday?

 

The grey fog is one of the superweapons that are so horrifying that we cannot even imagine them. That grey fog can erase entire planets. Nanomachines are the new tools. They can be the ultimate Swiss blade for everything. Theoretically, nanomachines can erase any molecule that they face. Those small molecular machines must only create the wave movement and resonance that cut the chemical bonds between atoms. The miniature machine can simply send an electromagnetic impulse to the chemical bond in a targeted molecule. And that energy can push atoms away from each other. This kind of system can have multiple civil and military applications. 

The nanomachine that can terminate forever molecules can be the most wanted thing in the world. But that same technology is also capable of creating the terrifying “grey fog” that terminates everything that we know. The main problem with nanomachines is their movement. The surface active agents, or surfactants are the things that can solve the nanomachine movement problem. If the nanomachine has two surfactant molecules that the system can turn on when it gets a command. That makes it possible to move the nanomachine. Surfactants have two heads, one is hydrophobic and one is hydrophilic.

If the hydrophobic head is in the direction where nanomachines should move and the hydrophilic head is at the tail of the nanomachine. That makes the nanomachine move in the desired direction underwater. The hydrophobic head that can be connected with water droplets can also make the nanomachine hover and travel to wanted direction in the air. When the water droplet surrounds the nanomachine and then the hydrophobic- or water-repelling heads are turned to that water. That thing can cause an explosion. And the pressure wave can help to raise the machine up. The small nanomachine that can control that thing can make it possible to use that thing for controlled flight. 

The other version is that they use some. more exotic propulsion systems, like theoretical systems that can change the shape of the quantum fields near the nanomachines. Those systems can make the machine hover and travel at very high speeds. 

Those nanomachines can be connected with the von Neumann probes. The term Von Neumann probe means self-replicating machines.  Those systems can include miniature factories that create copies of those machines. The nanofactory can be very small. And they can create copies of themselves and create those molecular machines. Those machines and factories can be DNA-controlled. 

The sophon is introduced in the sci-fi novel 3-Body Problem. The sophon is a proton-sized quantum computer that can control humans and steal their imaginations and thoughts. The model of sophon is in the real quantum models where the proton, or quarks that form this hadron will be put into the superposition and entanglement. This kind of quantum computer is very unstable. There are models made of what those sophons can be. And one of them is that the sophon could be the group of photons that are trapped around the quantum-size black hole. The other version could be the quantum-size grey hole. 

The system creates those things by pressing some particles like protons with antimatter implosion. The ball-shaped antimatter-matter ball will be exploded around the proton. That thing can be the fullerene that acts like an implosion bomb. And then photons will be put around that extremely dense object. And the system will transport data into them. 

But there is another way to make the theoretical sophons. That is the DNA-based quantum computer. The system can be an artificial bacteria or an artificial amoeba that is injected into the target’s blood. There, genetically engineered amoebae can travel to the human brain. Then that thing will steal the electric impulses or make copies of the neurotransmitters in that thing. 

When the artificial amoeba or biorobot is ready it calls the genetically engineered mosquito to pull it out from the blood vessels. 

The artificial mosquito can use certain chemical marks, antibodies to call the artificial amoeba to it. And that amoeba can also send neurotransmitters to neurons around it. The system mimics the natural parasites. But their purpose is different. Their mission is to paralyze and steal information from the targeted person's nervous system and even control that person. 

Then that mosquito travels to the laboratory. And there are many ways that that thing can transmit data to the computer. The mosquito can split that amoeba on the research table. Then the amoeba starts to blink the bioluminescence light and using that light the biorobot can transmit information that it got to a photovoltaic cell. The amoeba can also reprogram the mosquito and make it communicate with computers. The artificial amoeba-mosquito couple can be the ultimate tool for intelligence and other systems. 

The new form of living is the “new village”.

 

In medieval times the city walls separated people who lived in the city from people, who lived outside the wall. There lived people who ever stepped out of the city. In that time people told stories that in the forests lived monsters who ate people. Sometimes mentally ill people are banished to the forests. But those walls created a feeling that the world outside the walls was hostile. That increased the city leader’s authority. When people believed that there were evil spirits in the forests around them, that thing made them easier to control. And the question is: are we returning to those kinds of cities? 

What if our future is that we would live our entire life in the same building? Things like artificial intelligence and virtual reality make it possible to make virtual trips to lands that are far away from the place where we live. We can simply open a solarium, take a VR system to our eyes, and then the AI-controlled system connects winds, sounds, and other things that we need to the space. The AI observes that we will not take too much radiation. 

The Saudi-Arabian mega project called “Neom”. That thing will be the most incredible megastructure in the world. That kind of thing brings the new types of village societies into the front of our eyes. The idea is that the system brings homes, all services, and workplaces under one dome. And in some visions, cities like New York will be covered with giant domes that should make the air comfortable every month. That thing brings the route to the ultimate segregation into the front of our eyes. That thing can look like a village society with idyllic things, like the ability to keep the T-shirt on every day. 

What happens if we ever leave that dome? Can that dome feel good? The fact is this: the dome turns into an entirety where we can live. We will never feel fresh air. All physical works are made with robots. And maybe we see the future as a thing where there are giant forests and there are giant domes there and here. That future is the thing that takes us to heaven and hellfire. The AI-controlled structure allows us to control each other. The place where we would live is safe. 

But there is also another side in that idyllic structure. That structure can turn into a prison. What if our leaders will use that thing against us? The dome allows people to control people simply by using the chemicals that are in the air. Or the leaders can use the air pumps to control air pressure. And as always: there is a chance to use that kind of system to steal people's lives and entirety. This dome can turn into the thing that brings the highest walls between people that have ever been made in history. But that kind of thing offers solutions that can also save nature. The city can use green energy as an example of energy production. 

Artificial intelligence and spam filters make BCI more versatile.

The problem with the brain-computer interface, BCI is similar to speech command applications. But thoughts are not so easy to control as speech. There is a possibility that the person looks at the camera and uses gestures when the command starts. The gesture can be some cup that the user shows to the computer that the work starts. And the other gesture can be something like a spoon. That the computer knows the commands end. Those things can be finger marks and they could be determined before the speech command sessions. 

So the person shows the mark to the web camera and writes gesture 1 and then the system asks for gesture 2. The system must also recognize the voice of the speaker so that things that some other person says will not disturb the computer. The gesture allows a person to discuss and talk in the room. Voice recognition allows computers to filter non-necessary and useless things from the text that the computer gets. Then the grammar check program can change the text that the speech-to-text application makes into literal text. After that, the system dumps that text to the application and turns it into commands. 

The AI requires spam filters in the training period. The spam filter removes the white noise or so-called non-useful information. The spam filters can also adapt to the brain-computer interfaces, BCIs. Those AI-based systems can remove so-called white noise from neural tracks. And that makes it easier for the BCI to separate information that is purposely delivered to it from thoughts that are not meant for commands.

The person must not think anything else, than commands what that system should follow or complete. If a person thinks about something else, that can cause serious problems. The biggest problem with the BCI is the user. The AI can translate EEG curves into actions. But the problem is if a person starts suddenly thinking about something else. 

One thing that can make the BCI more effective is that a person must move things like fingers before giving orders to the system. But the problem is how to control thoughts at that point. But there is a possibility that very flat microchips will be put below the skull. And the antenna or contact point is on the skull where systems can download information and communicate with brains and computers. 

The system can also load those systems' batteries wirelessly. If those microchips can be installed under the skin on the skull, they are far easier to install than regular brain implants. The surgeon must just find the right places and then put those microchips under the skin. The bone mass will glue those microchips on the right points on the skull. BCI microchips can communicate with the internet through mobile telephones. Or they can use the computer’s bluetooth connections. 

But things like biological power sources like electricity-producing cells can also feed those systems' needs for electricity. The fact is that the biotechnology-like ability to create cloned neural tracks makes it possible to restore the ability to move to more people. And those cloned neural tracks can also make it possible for the microchip to communicate with living neurons through the skin. Those neurons that form artificial neural tracks could be connected to the microchip that is under the skin and then the sensor. That is in a hat or helmet communicates with that microchip. 

The next-generation BCI systems might not need surgery. The goal, or guiding light should be that the system uses sensors that are as easy to wear as hats. The problem is that those hats must position those sensors in the right positions. 

The fact is that the system called Magnetoencephalography, MEG can read data from the brain shell. The ability to connect interactive microchips to things like fingers should be easier than implanting them into brains. Those systems can open the neuro-implants and open neuroports to other systems more versatile than using traditional brain implants. 

https://www.rudebaguette.com/en/2025/06/ai-gone-rogue-openai-tech-secretly-used-to-bypass-spam-filters-and-saturate-the-internet-with-messages-on-80000-sites/

https://www.rudebaguette.com/en/2025/06/neuralink-could-shut-down-over-this-rival-company-implants-brain-chip-in-human-first-and-destroys-musks-lead/

The negative mass and the interstellar travel.

Above is a fictional interstellar spacecraft. There is a possibility that in the future this kind of spacecraft will be are reality. The idea is that the annihilation in the space system creates an energy impulse that turns the spacecraft's mass virtually negative. But we know that negative mass is impossible at least in technology that we can imagine. But there is a hypothetical model where the system pulls quantum fields into the object from some kind of hole. 

Then the system expands the quantum field inside it. That energy flow makes material virtually negative. The system has a similar effect inside to the ramjet engine there the cone aims air to its shell. That cone heats the air. Then the system injects the fuel into the engine. The similar form in the quantum version is very hard to make. But if the quantum cone that aims the quantum fields in the spacecraft shell is possible, that can turn spacecraft mass virtually negative. That opens our path to the universe. 

Negative mass is a term that means material that will push gravitational fields away from it. There is no negative mass in the universe. The negative mass makes things like WARP bubbles and other things possible, but there is no visible evidence that the mass can turn opposite. The term "white hole" doesn't mean negative mass or material. 

It's the hypothetical point, where energy that comes from the wormhole hits the quantum field.  The negative mass is not possible if the particle cannot send the radiation that fills the gravitational waves. A gravitational wave is the energy ditch that travels in the universe. Its shape can be similar to a false vacuum model. 

Where there is a small energy that travels before the main ditch difference, and the question is why it can cause objects to fall into the gravitational center. This is one way to think about the weak gravity fields.  The negative mass means a situation where the particle sends energy waves that are opposite to gravity waves. That energy fills the gravity waves and makes the straight universe possible. The idea of hypothetical negative mass is it can push gravity waves away from the object. 

Sometimes researchers say that using Casimir plates it is possible to create negative mass. The idea is that the asymmetry between energy levels of the Casimir plants makes an asymmetrical Casimir effect. That creates the energy flow that turns gravity opposite. The idea is that the Casimir plates can create short-term quantum vacuums when virtual particles between them collapse. 

That vacuum bubble will also collapse and it can pull gravity waves in it. And then the asymmetrical energy between those plates will push those waves away. But that requires a very different type of technology than the electromagnetic Casimir plates use. That hypothetical technology makes it possible to create the WARP bubble. So, the negative mass is like a "rocket engine" that pushes those gravity fields away from around it. The problem with negative mass is how that thing can stay in the form of material. The WARP bubble around that material makes it evaporate immediately. 

There are some ideas about the systems that could turn mass virtually negative. Some of those systems base annihilation or material evaporation in the cosmic vacuum voids. 

That means there must be some kind of channel in the middle of the structure that brings energy to the negative mass. Sometimes researchers introduced the idea that the structure would be like graphene. The annihilation system aims for particles and their antiparticle pairs together in the system. The idea is that there are two layers of plates in this system. The other plate has nano-holes. And the other plate is very dense. 

Annihilation between those layers sends radiation out from the structure. And that radiation pushes quantum fields away and forms the WARP bubble. The annihilation can happen between electrons and positrons. But if the system uses quark-antiquark pars that makes it easier to control The other possibility is to use the light cylinder. The giant, hollow laser ray closes the structure inside it. 

That thing can be used to create the quantum vacuum around the structure. The system can look a little bit like a honeycomb. There can be the balls in those honeycombs. Then the system creates the field that closes the honeycomb. After that, it pulls energy fields out from the tube. That causes material evaporation in the balls; their energy is stored in the kinetic form. 

That evaporation where that ball turns into wave movement causes acceleration. So material that turns into energy causes a similar effect to annihilation. The problem is: how to make dense enough materials that they can create an absolute vacuum. 

The small "cosmic void" around material pulls energy out from it. And that causes the material to evaporate. When material evaporates it releases energy so much that it can push gravitational and quantum fields away from it. The problem with the idea of the negative mass is this. Normal material cannot turn negative if we think about its mass. The negative material, or negative mass requires that the system create a dense energy field that pushes all other forces away from the structure. 

https://www.orionsarm.com/eg-article/493edf03965d4

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcubierre_drive

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casimir_effect

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Negative_mass

Is it possible to use asteroids as spacecraft?

The image above this text is David Hardy's vision of asteroid-looking spacecraft. The spacecraft has ion engines for maneuvers. In Hardy's vision is a possibility. The craft could be equipped with antimatter or powerful laser systems. That means it could defend itself against incoming asteroids. But that system could also bombard planets by using antimatter ions. 

The fictional asteroid craft was created by equipping the asteroid with systems like ion engines and other things like self-defense lasers. And maybe that kind of system is possible in the future. 

There was once a plan to use asteroids as bombs. In those plans. The creators of those kinds of weapons didn't mean to use natural asteroids. They planned to use aerodynamically shaped concrete profiles that will shoot against ground targets from the orbital trajectory. Those ammunitions destroy targets by using kinetic energy. And that's why those weapons are called meteorite bombers. 

Using asteroids as spacecraft is not a new idea. In some futuristic theories, alien civilizations and maybe humans in the far future will use asteroid spacecraft as reconnaissance or intelligence vehicles. The idea is that the craft that looks like an asteroid would operate unseen in interesting solar systems without disturbing other intelligent species. Those space reconnaissance spacecraft could be manned or controlled by artificial intelligence. 

In this text, I want to highlight one thing. That is that the asteroid recon vehicle is not necessarily manned. It might be a probe that is searching for intelligent lifeforms. When the asteroid Omuamua arrived in our solar system, that caused discussions about the possibility that it was an alien reconnaissance vehicle. The fact is this: nobody landed on Oumuamua. And that means we don't know if that thing is some probe or not so that thing is officially open. 

By the way...

Could the "Flying Dutchman" mean some UFO? 

Regularly people think that "Flying Dutchman" is fata morgana. If the light comes at a certain angle it will make the ship's shape in the air or rain. In some other theories, a tiny wormhole or Enstein-Rose bridge acts like a light cable and brings light from the past to modern times. 

Sometimes is introduced a theory famous "Flying Dutchman" is the alien recon vehicle. That theory is not mentioned, at least very often. And nobody ever visited the flying dutchman's deck. The thing is that the world is full of mysteries. And we should keep our minds open. So this is the reason why I wrote that the "Flying Dutchman" can be UFO.

 Nuclear reactors and ion engines could give a powerful propulsion system to the vehicle that masked to sail. The sails would be the heat exchangers for the nuclear reactor. The system could fly by using vertically and horizontally aimed ion engines. That vehicle could fly for years if it uses nuclear power. 

https://artificialintelligenceandindividuals.blogspot.com/

"UFO project" from the past.

Images at the top: 

1) Leonardo's aviation machine

2) Leonardo's fighting vehicle 

3) Leonardo's helicopter or aerial screw. 

4) Leonardo's ballista or great crossbow. 

The most well-known aviation project from the past is Leonardo da Vinci's flying machine. Sometimes researchers say that the system used flapping wings like a bird. The idea was that the plane used a similar system. That is used in some weight training systems. 

The idea was that the system's user pushes and pulls the stick that moves the wings. The reason that the flying machine didn't work. Was that Leonardo couldn't copy the bird's wing's movement trajectories. But maybe that system could work as a glider. 

But sometimes, some researchers suggested that the system was a glider that wings could put in a cargo position. And in the most incredible theories, the system used ion engines. The stick would ionize the air and the ring would pull those ions through it. But maybe that was a little too complicated even for Leonardo himself. 

Maybe Leonardo planned to use that glider with the great ballista. The giant crossbow would shoot that aviation system into the air. And the user of the system could drop the powder dish into the target. But then we can think that there is a possibility that Leonardo's tank was some kind of aviation machine. 

Some researchers created the UFO, by using Leonardo's tank as the model. The idea of this kind of flying machine was that in the middle of that flying machine is a quadcopter. The quadcopter is responsible for vertical movement. And then the cannons are replaced by radially installed jet engines. That thing allows the heavier-than-air system to hover above the land without noise. 

Aviation systems are always very interesting things. And we can only imagine what people like Leonardo da Vinci would do with the internet and modern computers.  

When we are looking at another of Leonardo's interesting models, his helicopter, the screw-looking wing is interesting. Maybe he created that aerial screw to use as a parachute. We can say that this screw-looking wing is meant for jumping from the cliff. 

So the user of the system will not rise from the ground. The user must only jump from the cliff, and then the screw will slow the jumper's speed. But if the airflow that comes from below pushes the system upwards. 

https://www.leonardodavinci.net/flyingmachine.jsp

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonardo%27s_aerial_screw

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonardo%27s_crossbow

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonardo%27s_fighting_vehicle

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Science_and_inventions_of_Leonardo_da_Vinci

https://shorttextsofoldscholars.blogspot.com/

Astronomers found web-looking plasma structures on the sun. (Could a protective field be possible?)

Image above: Corona

The new web structure is found in the middle corona. That area is about 1,5-4 R/sun away from its liquid surface. The new web structure of intensive heat plasma is interesting. The existence of these kinds of structures tells that electromagnetic forces inside plasma around the sun can resist the solar wind. And that thing makes many interesting visions for plasma technology. 

The layer of the plasma web can make it possible to create the next-generation plasma shields. The idea is that two 2D plasma webs are created around the object. Then there is a layer of rotating plasma between those webs. The idea is that the rotating plasma can pull laser rays and ions in it. And that makes it possible to create a protective field around the structures. The problem with protective fields has been how to control that structure. 

In some visions, the protective fields are created by using a whisk-looking skyrmion structure. The 3D-looking skyrmion structure will be made around the magnetic axle. And then, the system puts a whisk-looking 3D skyrmion structure to rotate. That thing makes it possible to destroy incoming ammunition which is trying to go through that skyrmion structure. 

There is also the possibility that ball lightning is a skyrmion structure. The idea is that the lightning forms a stick-looking water structure. So it stretches the water droplet to stick. And then there forming the skyrmions in a high-power magnetic field around the water droplet. 

When we are thinking about the most futuristic use of the plasma web we can see that kind of structure as the protective field. That kind of plasma field can protect any object against micrometeorites and even electromagnetic radiation. 

If researchers can put this kind of web of intensive heat plasma to hover around things like space stations and aircraft or any other structures. That plasma structure can protect the target against all material ammunition. The two-layer plasma web can close the plasma that rotates the object between them. And that thing makes it possible. That the system can control plasma very accurately. 

https://middlecorona.com/introduction.html

https://scitechdaily.com/astronomers-have-discovered-web-like-plasma-structures-on-the-sun/

https://tiedetuubi.fi/onko-skyrmioni-pallosalaman-salaisuus

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stellar_corona

https://shorttextsofoldscholars.blogspot.com/

A biotech company wants to grow human embryos for medical transplants.

In 1942, Robert A. Heinlein wrote the novel "Beyond This Horizon". That novel is about biotechnological people. And that thing seems to be true. Cloning and genetic engineering make it possible to create individuals that have never been seen before. So, pinned evolution may already be a reality. And genetic engineering takes us step by step toward accelerated evolution.

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"An Israeli firm wants to replicate a successful mouse embryo experiment with human cells".

"The company, Renewal Bio, wants to use the technology to make "humanity younger and healthier"."

"The use of synthetic human embryos has sparked ethical concerns among the scientific community."

(https://www.businessinsider.com/israel-human-embryos-dna-mouse-medical-transplants-2022-8?r=US&IR=T)

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There are lots of people who are resisting this kind of technology. But this is one of the ways to make "spare parts" for humans. The idea is simple. The embryo will grow and when it's an abortion age the wanted organs will remove by operators. 

Then those organs can put to grow in nutrients. That thing is one of the versions of technology that can use to make spare parts for humans. Those embryos can make it possible to create customized organ transplants for any person in the world. The idea is that person will be cloned and that embryo is used as the "spare parts". 

But cloned embryos that are copies of some humans can use to make a person immortal. And there is the possibility that some sociologists can use cloned embryos in their research, where is tested the environmental effect on the advance of humans. The idea is that the embryo is cloned and then those children will be placed in different environments. Environmental research where is researched the environment's effect on to advance of humans is needed twins to make them effective. 

The problem is that twins must be separated. So researchers can make artificial embryos and put them in the womb of women. But the fact is that cloned embryos are making one vision true. There is the possibility to create ultimate armies by using cloned men. In that vision, the researchers take the most decorated persons and clone them. 

That makes it possible to create operators who will not tell anything to their parents. In some SciFi-action tales, each cloned military operator would have a clone stored in the cryogenics. If that kind of operator dies the clone that is taken from the cryogenics will help to cover the loss in some missions. 

So maybe the famous "Agent 47" from the HitMan movie would already exist. The fact is that the technology for that kind of operation is everyday use in laboratories. This kind of technology is a good example of the possibilities of biotechnology. 

https://www.businessinsider.com/israel-human-embryos-dna-mouse-medical-transplants-2022-8?r=US&IR=T

Writing about the UFOs, and their shape.

   

We all read about the UFOs and their shape. The shape of the system means something. And when we are thinking that there are two main different types of UFOs: the saucer and cylinder. So is the cylinder-shaped thing like a cluster unit that delivers the saucer-shaped sub-crafts to the area. 

That thing could carry the saucers inside it. And then deliver them to the operational area. The cylinder-shaped object looks like a rocket, and it can deliver those saucers from it. The engine of that system can be modular. The saucers could have the tunnel through them. And that tunnel acts as the ion motor. The images in this text are taken from the Net, and I don't know are they real. 

We might think that the cylinder-shaped UFO is the carrier device for the smaller, saucer-shaped UFOs. There is a wild theory that the cylinder-shaped UFO is the Tipler cylinder. In that system, the fast-rotating plasma will make the time dilation. There is the possibility that all UFOs have a mast. And maybe that mast is created to connect those saucer-shaped crafts to one piece. 

Then those smaller saucer-shaped systems are forming the large-size entirety. In theories or theoretical models, there is a channel through those saucers. In that channel is the particle accelerator that pulls ions into it. If those saucers are connected to series nothing limits the length of that ion acceleration channel. 

And then, those saucer-shaped UFOs will be put to series in the cylinder. When those systems are needed the cylinder will release those saucers. The modular structure where small units are forming bigger entirety is making it possible that the long-term missions will be successful. If one part of the entirety is destroyed. Others will continue their work. 

Where are UFOs coming from? Nobody knows. But they are inspired by one of the most interesting versions of the space shuttles ever created. That innovative and futuristic system is the saucer-shaped craft that uses fusion power. That system was a little bit too complicated for the 1970s technology. But it's a good example of innovative solutions that can be true someday. 

In some theoretical models, there are saucer-shaped probes that can research the solar system. The idea is simple. There is a "Tokamak" type fusion reactor at the outer edge of that shuttle. Then there is the laser that is used to aim the radiation in a certain direction. The laser-ray is like the clock hand that is disturbing the energy symmetry of the plasma flow in Tokamak. 

When an incoming laser ray hits to plasma ring it creates a high-energy point in that plasma wheel. That means the radiation that travels outside will turn stronger at that point. And the laser ray can aim very fast. That thing allows the craft could change its course very fast. The problem was that the fusion reactor was not working. 

Tomorrow's extremely technology.

The fast-rotating plasma field allows to creation virtual "Tipler cylinder" around the entire planet. 

There is the possibility that some super civilizations are immortal. They might use cloned bodies and implanted microchips to transfer memories over generations. Or they might use advanced nanotechnology for repairing their genomes. 

But there is another way to reach immortality. The idea is that the planet where that hypothetical civilization lives would surround by a plasma field. That plasma field can rotate around the planet at the speed of light. And this thing causes the situation where the time dilation would slow time on the planet. 

In that case, the time dilation keeps the material young. Because that plasma field closes the space inside it and denies the energy flow through it. The material on the planet would not transform to wave movement so fast as material or particles outside that plasma field. The idea of that system is that there is formed the stable area and the wave movement or otherwise saying energy cannot escape through that plasma field. 

The quantum engines are interesting tools. 

One of the possibilities to make the quantum engine that is based on WARP-bubble is simply to surround the craft by using the quantum bubble. Then the energy will shoot from inside to that quantum bubble where it starts to flow to the side that has a lower energy level. The system can also use Hall-effect for increasing its capacity. 

In that case the outside, the opposite polar electromagnetic field will increase the energy flow to the wanted side. In this type of system, the idea is similar to balloons. But the physical balloon is replaced by using the plasma bubble that makes the virtual balloon around the system. The energy of electron flow will shoot to the north pole of the plasma bubble. And then that energy flows to the south pole. 

When we are thinking possibility to travel at the speed of light only a photon can reach that speed. The problem with photons is that their mass is so low. That thing causes the thrust of the photon rocket to be extremely weak. 

There is only one hypothetical rocket engine that can create thrust that can reach the cosmic speed limit. And that is the photon rocket. But then we must realize that the speed of light is relative. So if the photon is traveling in a tunnel where are no crossing quantum fields. That makes it possible the photon can travel faster than other photons. 

There is the possibility that the tachyon rocket is also possible. But that thing requires that something brings tachyons from their tachyonic space or dimension. 

If ions would travel through the electromagnetic vacuum before it impacts space. That allows the creation of ion engines. Which specific impulse reaches the speed of light. In those futuristic engines. The WARP bubbles are replaced by using isolated nanotubes. 

There is no electromagnetic field inside those nanotubes. The ion accelerator will shoot ions to the nanotube. And then, the outside electromagnetic field pulls those ions out from that protected area. 

But there is another way to make the interstellar engine by using ion motors. The idea is that the engine creates an electromagnetic channel at the front of the ion accelerator. So in that engine, the ions will shoot through the nanotubes. 

If there are electromagnetic fields at the front of the nanotubes exhaust point that thing can give extra punch to ion systems. Because that nanotube is isolated and all magnetic fields are removed from that tube there is a possibility that ions can reach the speed of light. 

The extremely high-energy radiation that comes behind the ion source will create an electromagnetic shadow at the front of the ion source. In that case, the ion engine shoots ions to the WARP bubble. In that case, the WARP bubble is just outside the engine's nozzle. 

https://artificialintelligenceandindividuals.blogspot.com/

DDG-1000 "Zumwalt" the big stealth failure

The "Zumwalt" class destroyers are proven that the ship is harder to make stealth than some aircraft. The size of the ship is far bigger than the aircraft. And that makes it impossible to make the stealth ship, whose length is 190 meters. By using traditional stealth systems. The shape of the ship is also harder to turn stealth than the shape of the aircraft. 

So the things like active stealth systems.  Which bases the artificial intelligence controlled jammer systems makes that interesting project old fashion and that's why only two of those destroyers are in active service. Active stealth means the very high accurate jammer systems that can stop the incoming radio wave. And that system denies the echo from the hull of the ship. 

That kind of intelligent system. Along with nanotechnology and quantum, stealth is a next-generation and more sophisticated system than traditional shape-based systems. The nanotechnical stealth means. That there are microscopical grooves and other kinds of structures at the hull of the craft. 

One of the structures can be nanotechnical antennas. That is covering the ship by ion clouds. Those ions deny the radar echo. 

But quantum stealth can deny the echo of the electromagnetic spectrum's all wavelengths. The idea is that the incoming photons will bomb by using photons that have the same energy level. And that thing makes it possible to make the ship invisible to radar, infrared, and the human eye. 

Quantum stealth requires extremely high computing power. So maybe the portable- or ship-mounted quantum computers can make it possible to make the system that absorbs every single wavelength of the electromagnetic spectrum. 

The idea is that the counter radiation will deny the echo of the radiation by sending the counter radiation that will remove energy from the incoming radiation. The problem is that every single photon must erase separately. 

Those active systems can install on any ship, vehicle, or aircraft. They make it possible to make the traditional-looking but stealthy ships. One of the versions of the modern electromagnetic weapon systems is the magnetrons or radio antennas installed inside the hull of the ship. 

Those systems can muffle the incoming radio waves. But if their power will increase high enough, those systems can destroy almost all incoming cruise missiles. That thing is like the electromagnetic version of the great sails broadsides. But the cannons are replaced by using electromagnetic transmitters. 

https://www.19fortyfive.com/2022/04/zumwalt-the-us-navys-great-stealth-destroyer-failure/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zumwalt-class_destroyer

https://artificialintelligenceandindividuals.blogspot.com/

A new promising fusion system uses kinetic energy for fusion.

 

The kinetic energy fusion is based on the fusion pellets which shot together using the railguns. And their impact energy ignites the fusion. The kinetic energy fusion can theoretically use lithium-deuteride for making the fusion reaction. 

The lithium would pack in the bottles that are shot together by using railguns. Then the impact point will heat by using a laser or microwaves and the needed level of kinetic energy can decrease the warming of the bottles before they are sent to the impact course by using railguns. 

There is the possibility that the rail-gun-based system can hybridize with the tokamak type reactor. The system can put the fusion pellets that are shot with the railguns to impact inside the plasma track. That thing helps to increase the temperature in the tokamak. Another version is to use crossing plasma beams. 

The problem with tokamak-type reactors is that they must use the monopolar-plasma. The particles of monopolar plasma reject each other. So the magnetic system must press that plasma beam to one entirety. The crossing plasma beams that have different polarities will increase the energy level of the plasma when they are impacting each other. But also the railguns can be used to send the plasma beam to a higher energy level. 

The problem with fusion is the ignition. There is introduced antimatter to make the needed temperature. But the price of antimatter is very high. And the second way is to use a plasma-laser beam combination or another way is to combine those systems with the rail guns that are rising energy level of the plasma beam. There is the possibility that lasers or microwaves can use to warm up the impacting particles in the kinetic energy fusion reactor. 

Kinetic energy or impact energy is a well-known thing from the railguns. The idea is that the very fast-moving object hits deuterium- or deuterium-tritium pellets. And that impact causes the fusion reaction. The system is quite simple. The railgun launches an extremely fast-moving copper- or iron bullet into the vacuum chamber by using a speed that is 20 times higher than the speed of sound. 

The impact force of that projectile is about 100 gigapascal, but its shape is rising to one tera-pascal. If the projectile is shaped in a certain way. Then it releases kinetic energy very quickly if it hits something. The impact power of the projectiles can increase by shooting them against each other from opposite directions. In that case, the impact speed of those particles is 40 times the speed of the sound. And that can increase its energy to 2 tera-pascal. 

The thing is that this reactor is claimed to be a hoax or something like that. The thing is that this type of system should produce more energy than they use. 

The New Energy Magazine claims that the reactor is fake. That article is from 2019. But the problem is that the new type of fusion systems are based the cyclic fusion. Cyclic fusion means that the fusion reactor would not produce energy all the time. That helps to solve the heat problem in the reactor. Which can melt if the temperature rises too high. 

The idea is based that high-energy photons can create energy from the fusion reactor. The energy can store in the new type of systems and similar systems that are used to store energy from solar panels. But when we are thinking of the fusion system the problem is in the ignition. That system requires a higher energy level than the nucleus of the sun. 

https://firstlightfusion.com/

https://futurism.com/search?q=kinetic+energy+fusion

https://scitechdaily.com/capturing-solar-energy-and-converting-it-to-electricity-when-needed-up-to-18-years-later/

The new energy times article. https://news.newenergytimes.net/2019/02/12/first-light-fusions-fake/ 

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokamak

https://scitechdaily.com/capturing-solar-energy-and-converting-it-to-electricity-when-needed-up-to-18-years-later/

https://artificialintelligenceandindividuals.blogspot.com/

The models for the self-operating nanorobots are from nature.

Image 1) (Pinterst)

Biotechnology allows the creation of artificial DNA. That allows making the artificial bacteria for certain purposes. 

Bacteria are a good example of biorobots. DNA molecules control every single action of those things. But, there are not many operations that bacteria can do. The number of actions depends on the number of the DNA types of the bacteria. The things that are controlling bacteria are simple but effective. The size of the control code is not important. The important thing is how the system uses the code is important. There are not many base pairs in the DNA of bacteria. But those base-pairs are controlling their everyday actions very effectively. 

When some chemical sensor of bacteria faces some problem like an antibody. That thing triggers bacteria to create slime for its safety. And the thing that triggers that action is the small bite of DNA or RNA that the sensor creates when it faces something that might affect the bacteria. And that causes the bacteria can react to those things. 

The DNA plasmids are the brains of bacteria. They are chemical computer programs that are controlling the everyday actions of bacteria. Bacteria are a good example for the biorobots. They are controlled by the DNA molecules. And they can operate quite independently. 

The main problem with the small-size nanorobots is their small size. There should put the microprocessor the power source and the hard disk where is the data that the system uses. But the fact is that the smallest possible nanomachines are molecule-size systems that are using enzymes for the programs how to operate. 

To the surface of molecular nanomachine are the enzymes or nutrients that are making things like immune cells carry those nanomachines to the wanted target. 

Chemical programming like the series of certain enzymes can use to carry the molecular-size machines to the right point.  The idea is that certain chemicals are causing an effect that the enzyme is starting to move the molecule. And each enzyme or chemical on the core of the molecular machine is reacting with a certain counter chemical. That means the molecular machine can make certain series of operations. 

But the thing is that the nanomachine should have the ability to make more complicated operations there is the possibility to equip the bacteria with synthetic DNA plasmids. That DNA plasmid is like a chemical computer program that allows synthetic bacteria to make complicated operations. The genetically engineered bacteria can reprogram by chancing the DNA plasmid inside its core. 

The new AI-generated protein can wake silenced genes. And that thing makes it possible to create artificial bacteria that can make many things. The DNA inside those bacteria is like a computer program. And another genome can be for normal use. And another could be for special missions. Like searching and destroying harmful cells. That genome can be silenced. But when the researchers find harmful cells. That protein can activate the silenced genome. 

Image 2) 

The nano-size microprocessors and hybridization between robots and cloned neurons are making nanorobots more multi-use than ever before. If the robot uses cloned neurons as the biocomputers that means the robot needs nutrients. 

And that machine can take nutrients can be the blood cells where the nutrients are loaded. If the nanomachine swims in blood veins. That system can use the same nutrient as people.

Image two (Image 2) is  "the artistic depiction of DNA nanomachine with protein cargo, surrounded by other protein subunits in solution". (Phys.org/Autonomous nanomachines inspired by nature). 

But it could portray a nanomachine loader that uses a small generator. For delivering electricity to those machines. 

When we are thinking the autonomous nanomachines the problem is how to make the needed microprocessors and power source fit in the robot? There is the possibility that the nanorobot can be a small cyborg. The artificial structure can involve the cloned neuron that gives electricity to the small engines and computers in that small-size system. That system can be the hybridization between the neuron and the small-size machine. 

And nanotechnology makes it possible to create energy for extremely small-size systems. There is the possibility to use the hemoglobin and small gold plates to make electricity for the nano-size robots. The nano-size microprocessors can use similar technology. That the regular drone swarms are using. 

Drone swarms use decentralized data processing. Where microprocessors share their capacity. That makes it possible to create independently operating nano-robot swarms. For power supply is introduced the electric cells of the electric eel. Or there is the possibility that the energy delivery units are landing on the surface of neurons.

And those systems can also communicate between the neurons and transmit the control code to nanomachines. Or the nanomachine androids can use living neurons for delivering control signals and electricity for the robot. The possibilities of the nanomachines are limitless. 

https://phys.org/news/2022-03-autonomous-nanomachines-nature.html

https://scitechdaily.com/ai-designed-protein-can-awaken-silenced-genes-one-by-one/

Image 2)https://phys.org/news/2022-03-autonomous-nanomachines-nature.html

https://interestandinnovation.blogspot.com/

The new piezoelectric fabric hears the sound of the heart.

(An MIT team has designed an “acoustic fabric,” woven with a fiber that is designed from a “piezoelectric” material that produces an electrical signal when bent or mechanically deformed, providing a means for the fabric to convert sound vibrations into electrical signals. Credit: Greg Hren) (SciTechDaily/New “Acoustic Fabric” Hears Your Heart’s Sounds)

Piezoelectric nanotechnology is not a new thing. There is made research with fabric and clothes that can recharge mobile telephones. The idea of those systems is that the body movements can change to electricity by using piezoelectric fabric. But the same style of piezoelectric fibers can use as the fabric that can hear the heart. Or it can use as a microphone that can transform the resonance of layers to electric impulse and sound. 

The new acoustic fabric is made by using piezoelectric material. That material allows the fabric to hear the sound of the heart. And this thing makes it possible to create new intelligent clothes that are observing the condition of humans or animals. The clothes that are made by using this intelligent material can connect to the wristwatch-size computer that resends the biometric data to the mobile telephone. And the mobile telephone can communicate with any computer in the world. 

But the same system can use as the microphone. The user can put acoustic fabric against a table or to the wall. And that thing resends oscillation of the layer to the computer that can decode those signals to sound. The acoustic fabric can use in microphones that are looking like fabric boards. That thing opens new visions in the eavesdrop and recording tools. 

The same fabric can use to make new microphones that are allowing to hear things that are happening behind the wall. The idea of this kind of microphone is that the acoustic fabric is put against the wall. And then the user of that system can connect the fabric to the small computer and then to the mobile telephone. That allows sending the information about discussions to long-distance through the internet. 

https://scitechdaily.com/new-acoustic-fabric-hears-your-hearts-sounds/

The fire ants can give ideas for swarming robots.

The ants and other swarm operating bugs are used as models for swarming robots. When we think of the independently operating drone swarms controlled by artificial intelligence. Those systems did not exist 10 years ago. Even the small-size quadcopters and other drones can operate as a swarm. 

The nuclear-powered drone swarms can operate in the atmosphere of other planets. They can operate underwater conditions in the Marianna Trench. And the icy oceans in the Jupiter and Saturn icy moons. But they can also be new and powerful tools on the battlefields. 

The thing that makes this thing possible is the network-based system called "distributed calculation". Developers created this system for making animations for computers. The idea is that the computers can share their capacity and resources with other computers. 

The network-based system allows making the drone swarm. That can connect data that their sensors are delivering. The drones can stay on their operational area as the plate. When one of those systems is seeing something interesting. It shares that data with all others. 

Small-size quadcopters might have only one or two sensors like regular CCD, infrared, or some kind of radars. The quadcopter can also carry seismic or acoustic sensors. That means those drones can lay to the ground and feel the seismic oscillations. 

Those systems can also eavesdrop on enemy speech. The quadcopter can also have chemical detectors that allow them to find the ammunition or fuel dump. The thing is that the large numbers of those swarming robots are replacing the quality. 

It's possible that in the future. There are three types of aerial systems. Or actually, those systems already exist. 

1) Simple, one mission drones

2) Multimission drones

3) Manned systems

Those systems are integrated as an entirety. The network-based systems allow sharing the information between components of the military systems. The aerial systems are also integrated to the part of the entirety where the sea and land troops are also participating in the network-based battlefields. 

x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x

The hierarchy of aerial systems can be like this:

1) The simple, and cheap one mission drones. That is pulling missile fire away from the more complicated systems. Those drones can also be used as miniaturized killer robots. Those quadcopter-looking systems or loitering ammunition called "kamikaze drones" are the systems. 

Those terrorists are using most probably. The problem with those systems is that they are thought of as cruise missiles that are making more curves than normal cruise missiles. 

2) Multi-purpose drones can be remotely controlled systems. Or independent operating AI-driven systems. Those systems can use as remote-controlled or independently operating attack aircraft. 

Or they can have the internal warhead. They can operate alone or with manned aircraft. The loyal wingman drone's mission is to pull the missile fire away from the manned aircraft or attack against missile stations. 

The drones can also make the plate under their aircraft makes more difficult to shoot them down. The quadcopters can have infrared lights that give masks for stealth fighters.  

And they can spray iron powder into the air making it difficult to see the stealth aircraft. That is behind those drones. The stealth fighter can make the strikes by using satellite-guided weapons. 

3) The manned aircraft.  The loyal wingmen drones can be used as "kamikaze drones" or remote-controlled auxiliary jet fighters. The controller of those drones can sit on the back seat of the stealth fighter. Those drones can share their data between the computers of the jet fighters.

But they can also be 1000 kilometers away in the command centers. That thing might not be very sportsmanlike. But also in the Spartan army, the idea was that if somebody attacked one Spartan, the another would hit that attacker to back by using the spear. 

x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x

Social bugs like ants are giving data on how the system should operate as swarms. The swarming robots can close the route of the jet fighters. And the thing that makes them more powerful than regular sensors is that those quadcopters can fly in jet engines. 

When we are thinking the technology behind those quadcopters is that the individual member of the drone swarms must not be versatile. The entirety is versatile because those quadcopters or other types of drones might have different types of sensors. 

The drone swarms are complicated things. They can produce at the combat zone by using 3D printers and automatized manufacturing platforms. Those systems can detect things like missiles in seconds if they are in position. Drones can deliver from satellites and the thing is that those systems can assassinate individual persons. 

In those systems, the image recognition system will locate the target. And the small drone will drop from the satellite. The heat core denies the burning of that system. The quadcopter can be equipped with a regular pistol that makes it a very suitable and dangerous system in the wrong hands. 

Drones are effective in conflicts. They can make sudden attacks from the sky by using smart weapons. This thing makes them feared and brutal systems. But the defenders of the drone attacks are saying that the purpose of weapons is to fear enemies. Some people are saying that drones are easy to shoot down. 

Or they are easy to affect. If we think that the drone that costs the same price as some car hits by a missile that price is over a million euros that thing can be acceptable. One of the purposes of drone swarms is to pull missile fire to them away from the complicated manned aircraft and drones. 

But when we are thinking about the situation in Ukraine where are no swarming drones we must ask one interesting question. If drones are easy to destroy or jam. 

Why don't the Russians destroy those drones? Why do they allow the Turkish-build drones to fly around their vehicles, and destroy them? That is one interesting thing to think about. 

https://phys.org/news/2022-03-physics-ant-rafts-swarming-robots.html

https://interestandinnovation.blogspot.com/

The future of interstellar spacecraft.

 

The future of interstellar spacecraft. 

The interstellar spacecraft might not come to practice very soon. But the fact is that theoretical research. Along with careful missions is opening the road to the interstellar journey. And maybe the time of that mission will come in 200-300 years. The fact is that nobody knows when we are ready to travel to the other solar system. When we remember history many things have been "impossible".  

The Chinese knew how to make gunpowder rockets in the 200s(1). And the Russian Konstantin Tsiolkovsky(2)(1857-1935) created theoretical research with rocketry and spaceflight in the 19th century. The thing is that things like interplanetary spaceflights. And space elevators(3) are also invented by Konstantin Tsilkovsky. 

Image 2: Konstantin Tsiolkovsky (1857-1935)

That man is called "the Father of the spaceflight". Tsiolkovsky also created research and articles about "lighter than air aviation". There was a rumor that Tsiolkovsky created an idea to use the hydrogen balloon or high-flying airship to carry space rockets to the high altitude. And then launch that rocket to the orbiter or sub-orbiting trajectory. 

The hydrogen balloon can lift the rocket to an altitude of 30 kilometers. And that thing could make it possible to launch smaller rockets to the orbiter. But for some reason, that plan remained at the theoretical level. And that reason could be bureaucracy. 

The thing is that technology advances all the time. And maybe the advancing of technology is faster than we think. The thing is that the first interstellar mission might become reality sooner than we expect. The thing is that the theory is the first step for making dreams real. And modern scientists have more advanced tools and experience than Konstantin Tsiolkovsky. 

But there are many things. What that man invented and what remains at the theoretical level. One of his greatest ideas is the space elevator. That giant structure that uses the centripetal force of the Earth is ever created in practice.  

Image 3: The Daedalus and Saturn V comparison

The British Interplanetary Society. And theoretical Project Daedalus(3) and its improvements. 

There are a couple of theoretical concepts for interstellar spacecraft. All of those concepts are probes. And the carefully made steps will open the road for successful manned interstellar missions far away in the future. But the first interstellar concepts would be more primitive than some SciFi spacecraft that travels across the galaxy in a couple of weeks. 

In the 1970s the British interplanetary society created Daedalus. Theoretical spacecraft. That could travel to Barnard's star. Daedalus planned to use thermonuclear detonations for reaching that distant star. In the updated version the Daedalus uses antimatter. 

When Daedalus closes the objective of its mission. That craft will create antimatter by using an antimatter generator. The antimatter would be created by benefiting the solar wind which impacts the gold leaf. That thing turns those particles into antimatter. That thing makes it possible that Daedalus II could bring samples from the solar system where it visits. 

NASA has created an idea of "Project Longshot" (4) which is quite similar to Daedalus. As I earlier wrote the both of those theoretical crafts are unmanned. So there are no worries about the lifetime of astronauts. But of course, there is the possibility that the theoretical interstellar probe is forgotten if there is some kind of other problems on Earth.  But the time of that craft will be far away in the future. 

(1)http://en.chinaculture.org/created/2005-07/21/content_70826.htm

(2)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konstantin_Tsiolkovsky

(3)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_elevator

(4)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Project_Daedalus

(5)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Project_Longshot

Image 1: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konstantin_Tsiolkovsky

Image 2: Pinterest

https://interestandinnovation.blogspot.com/

Precise logic vs. fuzzy logic.

 Precise logic vs. fuzzy logic.

The "barren plateaus" trap is one of the most cutting edge things in computing sciences. The precise data handling is working perfectly in a closed and very unilateral environment. But in the open environment, fuzzy logic is a more effective tool. 

And the power of fuzzy logic increases whenever the environment is turning larger and the data is turning more versatile. Fuzzy logic is in the key role for handling non-sorted data mass that is collected from the natural and chaotic environment. 

Have you imagined the situation that you go to the flat, where everything is in a certain order? You can't find anything from there, and then some other person comes in. That person finds everything that is needed less than the second. 

You cannot ever find anything faster than that person because that person knows everything in that room. The person knows every single nail in that flat. And that thing makes an impression.  But the prime question is does that person know anything else?

Does that person ever go outside? We can say that if the person would stay all the time at the same flat that person knows everything that is in the flat. There is no other information than the information about things that are necessary for finding things from a closed environment. 

That person would, of course, look outside sometimes, but the information that person gets is limited. There might be a car in the front of the house. But the person would not know why the car is at the front of the house. 

The limited environment is taking us to the "barren plateaus" trap. The person who lives in a closed environment seems to be wiser and more intelligent than a person who lives in an open environment. 

When the person who lives in an open environment comes into a strange space, that person must search for everything. The person who lives in that closed space must only remember where things are put. And then pick them from those places. 

In closed and very limited space everything can have certain and precise orders. But if the environment is very wide and the data is very versatile. The answer to the problems is fuzzy logic. 

In a closed environment, the person might make notes. And read where things are left. But if we are in an open environment making precise notes for things where we left something is impossible. Or those notes must be very large and that means they turn uncomfortable. 

If the person who is operating in an open environment wants to use precise logic. The person must read all notes all the time. For finding the answer to the question, where that person left for example the screwdriver? 

So the precise logic is not a practical thing for an open environment. The person must turn to use the different types of notes. That person can use multiple memo books where is marked places where is used certain tools. If we want to keep memos by sorting them by place. 

There is the possibility that we forget to put them there if we use the screwdriver. Or if we want to sort data by using places we must always read every single line in every notebook. And hope that if there is a marked screwdriver.  

But what if we sort those memos by using the name of the tools that make it possible to find the individual tool more easily. The most effective thing is to use different memo books for each tool. 

And the data is sorted by the name of the tool. When we want to find the screwdriver we must just take the memo book where is word "screwdriver". We can find the place. Where did we use that tool the last time? The searcher should find it on the last page. 

If there is a mark that the screwdriver is taken for use. But it is not returned which means that the screwdriver probably found that place. And the exact place where the searcher can find that tool. Will be found from the work order. This thing is called fuzzy logic. In computing, those notebooks are the tables of the databases.