How to make a moonbase?

The moonbase can involve cabin modules that have life support systems. The problem in the moonbase is radiation and micrometeorites. Also, solar wind or plasma flow from the sun can cause problems in the cabins. When high-energy plasma impacts the moonbase it causes radiation and electric pikes. And that's why there should be some kind of magnetic system like high-power electric magnets. That can pull that plasma away from the moon base. 

In many models, there can also be a liquid hydrogen layer between manned module and space. The liquid hydrogen layer that is between the sun and the crew can absorb radiation effectively. Below the hydrogen layer can be space that denies hydrogen flow into the manned module. The hydrogen shell can be like a vault or "Chernobyl" nuclear site's sarcophagus around the manned modules. That structure's purpose is to protect the crew against the cosmic radiation. 

But the moon concrete is the key element in the building site. Moon minerals involve iron and titanium. The centrifugal isolator can be used to separate elements from each other. But the moon concrete can be used to make the shield against micro- and larger meteorites. The moon base must have a laser or some other system to protect it against meteorites. 

Engineers use concrete to make things that they want in normal building sites. But when engineers want to make moon stations. They face many problems. And one of them is that normal concrete does not fit on the moon. Moon minerals are suitable for moon concrete. But the difference is that the system uses melted minerals. 

"NASA and international partners are exploring microwave sintering to build a lunar base using local materials like ilmenite, enhancing construction efficiency by leveraging the mineral’s unique properties for rapid heating." (ScitechDaily, From Science Fiction to Reality: How Scientists Plan To Build a Lunar Base)

The laser or microwave systems melt the moon dust. And then the system makes brick- or Lego-looking structures.  Then the builders will put those Lego particles in the right form, and then lasers or microwaves melt those bricks into one homogenous structure. The moon bricks are made using melted moon minerals. 

The problem is: where the system gets energy. Solar panels can give electricity to the microwave systems. And lasers can use sunlight as a power source. The thing is that if there is some mineral that can fold microwaves, that thing can make it possible to create a microwave lensing system to melt moondust. 

The 3D printers can create those moonbases. The melted moondust is the raw material for those 3D-printed structures. The system melts the moondust using lasers, electric arcs, or microwaves and then drives it through the nozzle. 

In some possible scenarios, the iron-based moon silicate will be put in the moon dust. Then the microwaves will conduct to that mixture. And iron minerals can help the system to absorb electromagnetic radiation. 

But the thing is that maybe the hybrid systems are the best in that business. Laser systems and giant optical parabolic mirrors can make it possible to melt moondust in the daytime. Then at nighttime, the system can use nuclear-powered microwave systems to make the lava, which the system can model to the structures for the moon base. 

https://3dprint.com/113205/esa-3d-printed-moon-base/

https://scitechdaily.com/from-science-fiction-to-reality-how-scientists-plan-to-build-a-lunar-base/

The breakthrough in material science.

"Researchers have developed an innovative tool that accelerates the design of auxetic materials—materials that expand when compressed and contract when stretched. This could lead to broader applications in products requiring impact resistance and comfort, such as safety gear and apparel. Credit: SciTechDaily.com" (ScitechDaily,“Huge Advance” – New Technique Creates Common Sense-Defying Materials More Easily)

The science known as auxetics researches the stretching of material.  Materials like rubber are auxetic materials because you can stretch that material. In normal situations, the auxetic materials turn thinner when somebody stretches them. But what if the material turns thicker? Or material stretches like that surface area turns larger. That thing makes it possible to create new solutions. 

That stands for mechanic and electromagnetic stress in a new way. When the surface area of material grows the distance of its particles grows. That forms energy pockets where energy can go. The problem with dense materials is that if energy impact hits dense materials. And that impact is strong enough that pushes the material particles away from each other. 

The big weakness of regular graphene is that it forms standing waves in the structure. The small sticks can used to conduct that energy away from graphene. Those sticks can pull energy out from the graphene layer. But if the edges of that 2D structure are put in the fullerene balls that allows the graphene to expand. When the end of the carbon chain is freely in the fullerene. That ball is allowed to move inside it. 

What would you do with the material where an impact energy travels only horizontally? If that kind of material is possible to make that would be the biggest advance in material technology. If all impact energy travels horizontally. That means the energy will not conduct to the structure below the layer. That kind of structure requires space at its side, which allows it to expand horizontally. 

Normal material (Above) and auxetic material (below). Theoretically is possible to create the auxetic version of the 2D carbon. Graphene is a regular material, even if it's fundamental. "The auxetic fullerene" requires that the carbon atoms form a structure that is similar to the image below introduces.

Normally when a particle hits material it transfers energy in it. That impact energy makes a pothole in the material. Theoretically is possible to make material. Their impacts don't make those potholes.  That requires the possibility of making the material. There an impact energy travels only horizontally on layer. That thing requires the spring structure that impacts energy can't push down. If the material transfers impact energy only horizontally that thing makes it possible to create the new types of armor.

The new types of graphene can be the base of that thing. In that graphene, the carbon atoms should form the spring-looking structures. That spring gives new features to the material. 

But how to protect materials against heat and electromagnetic stress? The idea is that the material forms a mosaic-like structure. And at the side of all of those bricks or blocks is a lower energy area. That thing can conduct thermal energy out from the brick. 

It's possible to create materials that can resist even nuclear explosions. Those materials require energy pockets where thermal and kinetic energy can go. And the problem is the standing wave in those pockets. When radiation hits the material. It causes resonation in the atoms. That resonation forms the impacting waves that push atoms away. 

If there are pockets where energy can go. That makes the material more resistant to that kind of thing. The material starts to contract and that brings its structures closer to the standing waves. And that is the second critical moment. If something can conduct energy out from material and pull those standing waves away. That thing makes it possible to create a new era of material research. 

In regular nanotechnical armors, there are 2D graphene structures on top of each other. Between those structures can be DNA springs. And then. Those springs will pull impact energy into them. 

In some models, there are graphene nanotube pillars between two or more graphene layers. Those rigid structures can alternate with structures that are the DNA nano springs between layers. 

The air or some gas will travel between those layers and the energy can transfer to that gas from those pillars. The small iron bits can pull electromagnetic energy into them. Iron is the lowest energy element in the universe. And that allows EM energy to travel into iron. That allows to creation of material that will not create radar echo. And that is the new type of stealth structure. 

https://scitechdaily.com/huge-advance-new-technique-creates-common-sense-defying-materials-more-easily/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auxetics