Saturday, July 15, 2023

The strange rules in quantum systems.


How can we  control and operate a system if we even cannot look at it?


The strange world of quantum computers is that we cannot look at the system. When information is loaded into the quantum systems there is no way how to follow how the process continues. This is the problem with quantum computers. When a quantum computer makes some calculation series, the system travels on the road. 

Or maybe we should call that road rather than tunnel or tube. We put some data in that process. And then we cannot affect how the system makes its works. We must just sit on the chair and wait until the system made its work. And that is one of the most problematic things in quantum computers. 

The only thing that can check answers that are made by using quantum computers is another quantum computer. So if the quantum system's input and output process is some kind of anomaly the answer is wrong. 

GO game


The ability to follow the calculation process is important because if the quantum computer makes the calculation about weeks or even months and then the answer is wrong. That thing causes a very interesting situation. 

Normally error detection happens by using two routes or two identical systems. Data travels through those systems. And then the users compare the answers. If there is some kind of difference that tells that answer can be wrong. The system must make savings often enough, that it can follow if there are some kind of differences in the axioms or control points of the system. 

We can determine the precise point when the system outputs information. And that is one of the most important things in computing. The system can make calculations by using endless series. And if there is no end to the series the time determination makes it possible that the computer gives some answers after a certain time. The problem is that the quantum computer can make mistakes. 



The reason for mistakes could be: 


0) The most critical error in quantum systems is at the point where the quantum system exchanges information between it and the binary system. The quantum system requires binary systems interacting with its environment. 

The binary system is a system, like a robot that works in a natural, noncontrolled environment. The quantum system remote controls the binary system that acts its senses in the outside world. The binary system is like a marginal or buffer, that will pre-handle data in the mode that the system can upload to quantum systems. 

1) Errors in databases that the system uses. If the information in those databases is wrong. The also quantum system makes mistakes. The reason for that is. 

Even the best system can give the right answers only if it uses the right and confirmed information.  Even the best systems cannot make the right answers. If there are errors in the information, the system can use for its duties. Right and confirmed information is required for the right solutions. 

2) Errors in the data handling process. The qubit is far more sensitive than some binary computers. Even weak energy impulses can push the system out of balance. Those effects could be some gravitational wave that pushes photons in the wrong position, which can cause a fatal error in the system. 

3) Human errors. The quantum computers planned to make extremely difficult calculations. The problem with those calculations is their formulas are extremely complicated. There is the possibility that the human operator makes an error while writing the formula. And if there are lost brackets or "division" replaced  "plus". That thing causes errors. 

One of the solutions for error detection is that the users must input the formula into the system twice. That thing uncovers if there are some anomalies or differences in input. 



The GO game with strange rules

"Quantum error-correction is like a game of Go with strange rules

“You can imagine the elements of a quantum computer as being just like a Go board,” Researchers say. The problem is that even looking at the system might turn the system out of control. 

"However, there are certain key differences from a conventional game of Go: all the pieces are already distributed around the board, and each of them is white on one side and black on the other. One color corresponds to the state zero, the other to one, and a move in a game of quantum Go involves turning pieces over. According to the rules of the quantum world, the pieces can also adopt grey mixed colors, which represent the superposition and entanglement of quantum states". (Scitechaily.com/AI Controlled Quantum Error Correction System Capable of Learning)

"When it comes to playing the game, a player – we’ll call her Alice – makes moves that are intended to preserve a pattern representing a certain quantum state. These are the quantum error correction operations. In the meantime, her opponent does everything they can to destroy the pattern. This represents the constant noise from the plethora of interference that real qubits experience from their environment". (Scitechaily.com/AI Controlled Quantum Error Correction System Capable of Learning)

"In addition, a game of quantum Go is made especially difficult by a peculiar quantum rule: Alice is not allowed to look at the board during the game. Any glimpse that reveals the state of the qubit pieces to her destroys the sensitive quantum state that the game is currently occupying. The question is: how can she make the right moves despite this?" (Scitechaily.com/AI Controlled Quantum Error Correction System Capable of Learning)

The answer could be simple. Alice can use a middleman. Alice can call Bob to look at the GO game. Bob is the system that Alice knows. The problem is that also Bob is a quantum system. And Bob follows the same rules as Alice. So how the Bob solves the problem?

The middleman could be two stages quantum-binary hybrid system. When Alice makes her duty, the two-stage system. That system is Bob and his little brother Bill. And Margo the mother of those boys. Before Bill gives information to Bob Margo checks the sources. Bill also pre-handles the information for Bob who sends it to Alice. 

Bob can call Bill to make the error detection. Bill is the binary system that can detect things. That happens on the game board. When Alice gives the order to Bob, he transfers the mission to Bill who is the system that he knows. And what he can control. Bill gets an answer. 

Then there is the fourth participant Margo, who checks that Bill has the right knowledge. Then Bill sends the information to Bob, who resends that information to Alice. The idea is that Bill is the binary system that operates in the interface between controlled and non-controlled systems. Bill simply tells what is happening on the game board. The idea is that Bill doesn't know what happens or why something happens. But Bill can tell if some button is moving on board. 

The idea is the same with the Scissors, Paper, and Rock model. When information travels in one direction between systems. They can control each other which minimizes the so-called artifact effect. If Alice would communicate straight with Bill the error in Bill escalates to Alice. But because there is Bob a middleman between Bill and Alice, the risk that system corruption escalates is minimum. 

This is a reason why the quantum computer requires things like multipurpose Chat GPT-style artificial intelligence as its supporter. The AI must collect data and follow. That there are no differences in data. That is input to the system.

We might call the quantum computer GO game that has a couple of strange rules. When information is loaded into the qubits and the quantum entanglement is starting to form we cannot see or feel what happens in the quantum computer. The strangest rule in this game is the quantum computer cannot look or touch the game". (Scitechaily.com/AI Controlled Quantum Error Correction System Capable of Learning)

Looking at or touching the game destroys the qubits' sensitive superposition. If the system looks at the button the photons that reflect from it cause instability in the very sensitive quantum system. 



Tuesday, July 11, 2023

Spaceborne satellite swarms are the next-generation technology.

NASA tests cutting-edge technology in space. The next-generation vision for satellites is the satellite swarm that operates independently. The satellite swarms are drone swarms that are operating in the orbiting trajectory.

A swarm of small satellites can use in the same missions as the lower-flying drone swarms. The swarm technology allows the targeting of multiple small telescopes at the same point. That gives small-size satellites the same resolution as larger telescopes. The difference between swarm technology and large satellites is this. If one participant of the swarms is destroyed. 

The swarm itself can continue its mission. The idea in swarm technology is that multiple simple participants are acting as an entirety. In drone swarms, even millions of drones are operating as an entirety, and the operators can control the swarm as it would be one large structure. 

The miniature satellites can observe larger satellites and search if there is some damage or if other satellites are in the same line as some communication satellites. Those miniature satellites can also destroy other satellites by impacting them. 

The miniature satellites can act as "loyal wingmen" to other satellites. They can cut the route of incoming ASAT (Anti Satellite) missiles. Or those space drone swarms can close the route of incoming ballistic missiles. If a ballistic missile hits the satellite that can cause destruction. 



"NASA’s Starling mission will test new technologies for autonomous swarm navigation on four CubeSats in low-Earth orbit. Credit: Blue Canyon Technologies/NASA"

 (ScitechDaily.com/Swarm Intelligence in Space: NASA’s Starling CubeSats Ready To Test Critical Technology)


In some visions, the drone swarms can also investigate another planet's atmosphere. Those drones can use plutonium batteries as a power source. And those batteries can give even years of operational time for quadcopters. 

The thing is that independently operating drone swarms that are using so-called non-centralized calculation are suitable for many missions in civil and military sectors. The developers developed non-centralized calculations for the web-based rendering application called Renderfarm. 

That means the computer can share its resources with other computers. And that is the cloud-based solution that interconnects multiple small computers to a cloud-based supercomputer. The solution allows even small computers to drive complicated solutions. And that thing makes it possible to drive the complicated AI-based solutions in the drone swarms. 

Drone swarms can search for missing people, they can observe how the grass is growing. Or they can control the battlefield. Even if those drone swarms have no weapons, they can go to the route of the attacking aircraft. Jamming those drone swarms is not as easy as people think. The jammer system itself is vulnerable to anti-radar missiles. 

The anti-radar missile can destroy the radar transmitter. Also, those drones can use optical, laser-based communication, and image-based target recognition. And in the world of warfare, all systems form an entirety, where manned and unmanned systems work as an entirety. 


https://scitechdaily.com/swarm-intelligence-in-space-nasas-starling-cubesats-ready-to-test-critical-technology/

Monday, July 10, 2023

Time reversal photons play a big role in quantum circuits.

Photon is timeless. And that makes photons an excellent data storage. But the problem is that the information that is stored in photons must be protected against outside effects. But photon-based data storage is quite easy to make. The system must just trap one photon into it. In the systems that stop photons. Photons are stored between electron orbitals. And that makes the practical system quite complicated to create. The reason for that is that electrons disturb lasers that make quantum entanglement for connecting those photons. 


The laser system must make quantum entanglement between that stopped photon to transport information to the quantum computers. Stopped photons also can use in quantum computers to transform binary information to quantum mode. The system drives information into the frame and then the photon in the middle of the chamber will superposition and entangle. That kind of system can make it possible to create the next-generation photonic quantum circuit. 


The ability to stop photons makes it possible to send them to the future or the past. The system can stop photons and then pump or remove energy in and out of those photons. That thing adjusts time dilation and makes it possible. That system can transport information over time and space. 


"Storing light on electronic orbitals" (https://wis-wander.weizmann.ac.il/space-physics/photons-stopped-time)

In quantum mechanics time is reversal. And information is always preserved. That means. Theoretically, objects can go back in the past, and take information. And come back to the future. Same way objects can travel to the future and then return to the past. Time dilation is the key element in that thing. Time dilation means that time is like a river that travels outside the object. 

When an object's energy level is high, time passes more slowly relative to that object. When the energy level of an object is low, the time or river outside the object travels faster relative to the object. 

We must realize that. When time dilation would slow the speed of time in some systems. The system travels to the future, or its particles are aging slower. When time travels faster in the system, the system would travel black in time or the aging of particles is faster. We know we can make time dilation by pumping energy to the object. And removing energy from the object means that the aging of the particles is faster. 

"A team of researchers from the University of Twente has successfully illustrated that quantum mechanics and thermodynamics can coexist by using an optical chip with photon channels. The channels individually showed disorder in line with thermodynamics, while the overall system complied with quantum mechanics due to the entanglement of subsystems, proving that information can be preserved and transferred. Credit: University of Twente" (ScitechDaily.com/Time Reversal Photonics Experiment Resolves Quantum Paradox)


The photon has no time. That means there is a possibility. To send photons to the future by pumping energy to it. And the same way researchers can send photons back to the past by removing energy from it. The problem is how to transfer energy from the past to the future. The Quantum entanglement requires that the energy level in the transmitting part is higher. So because of the cosmic expansion the energy level in the past is always higher than in the future. And photons have lower energy levels in the future. 

The problem with time reversal in complex quantum systems is free energy. When the energy level in the system increases it slows the aging of the particle. The problem is that when energy pumping ends the particle sends extra energy as an energy pulse. That energy pulse rips material into pieces. 

There is a possibility that the rotating energy fields of the atoms make it possible to send also complicated quantum structures to the past and the future. The problem is that the energy or quantum field rotation must happen in a way that the system can conduct extra- or free energy out from it in a way that will not break the system. 

And then remove the free energy from the system. The only problem is the standing wave inside atoms or free energy that rips them into pieces. And that's why time reversal is made in single- or two-photon systems. 


https://wis-wander.weizmann.ac.il/space-physics/photons-stopped-time


https://scitechdaily.com/time-reversal-photonics-experiment-resolves-quantum-paradox/


https://scitechdaily.com/quantum-photonics-breakthrough-promises-a-new-era-of-powerful-optical-circuits/

A shattering breakeven barrier allows quantum error correction.

Before we can make quantum computers that are the same way trusted as binary computers we must make a system that corrects errors. Error-correcting requires that error can detect. The thing that the system must follow is the break-even, or breakeven barrier while it makes corrections. A breakeven barrier is a mathematical formula. Where the number of positive cases should cross the number of negative cases breaking that barrier means that the system makes a positive solution more than negative solutions. 

When quantum systems are making calculations. Their weakness is that only another quantum system can detect errors in quantum computer-made calculations. In some models, the system sends the calculation twice through those systems. The system compares those answers The problem is that the calculation error could be in the last pulse. 


"A logical qubit is embedded into the state space of a harmonic oscillator using the grid code, represented here by faces of the cube. Quantum error correction protects these grid states from corruption by a noisy environment, symbolized by the ray. Credit: Image courtesy of Polina Shmatkova" (ScitechDaily.com/Quantum Error Correction: Shattering the Breakeven Barrier)

If there are differences between those answers. The system must start to search for the error. The reason for errors can be FRB or GRB which shakes the qubits. Before error correction is possible the system must know that there are no broken things inside its internal structure. 

A shattering breakeven barrier means correcting the circuit or system makes more corrections than causing errors itself. There is the possibility that when the system makes corrections over the system border, that system makes more damage than corrects errors. Error detection requires that the system has a matrix. 

The correcting system uses that matrix to compare with other systems. And that is the problem. There are multiple points where the system can make errors. When the system stores data in the backup files. 



Image: A breakeven (break-even) point in economics is the case. Where profits turn higher than costs. 


There is the possibility that some outside, non-controlled effect can affect the storing process, data storage, or the process that reads the matrix data. Another thing is that the error is not necessarily in the matrix data. 

Comparing systems over the border means that the correcting system must drive information over the border, which changes energy levels in those systems. The order of the participants is an extremely important thing in quantum computing. And one part of that order is the energy level. 

If something changes in orders or energy levels the quantum system cannot make its missions. In many models, the quantum systems use two quantum lines for error detection. The problem with that kind of model is that the system must wait until both sides complete their missions. 

In the cases that quantum computers make missions that remain hours or days, that thing means that if there are differences in answers the quantum system must start the entire process again. So for making the quantum system more powerful, the system requires intermediate recordings so that the controlling system can see if something goes wrong. 


https://scitechdaily.com/quantum-error-correction-outpacing-decoherence-shattering-the-breakeven-barrier/?expand_article=1


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Break-even


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Break-even_%28economics%29

The space elevators are closer than we think.



A space elevator is a system that pulls payload to the orbiter without a rocket engine. Three versions of that system could be realistic. Two of them require an electric engine, that is connected to the winch to raise the payload to the orbiter.

And the third one that bases on the asteroid that anchored to a geostationary position on the equator. The third one could be too complicated for the practical solution but the two first have potential. The requirement for a successful winch system is nontechnical ropes that could be light enough that they do not break structures. 



1) Space tower


Can we make Babel's tower that is high enough that it can use to set satellites in orbit without rockets? The fact is this.  The space tower which is the so-called lightweight version of a space elevator can be possible. The space tower is the skyscraper that reaches the low Earth orbiter or at least is so high, that it goes to edge of the space. 

The air statue inside that building keeps it in form the same way as the air statue keeps the regular skyscraper standing. So It could be possible to build a skyscraper that is high enough that it can reach the low orbiter. 

Or actually, space towers must not reach the orbiter. They can have magnetic, centrifugal, or pressure accelerators. The simplest version of that futuristic system uses the winch that pulls the rocket to the top of that tower. The regular elevator can use for that thing. 

 In some versions, the hollow tower is a roll system that moves the rocket to the top of the tower. The air statute would be between internally installed structures.

Then it can fly to the orbiter with a small rocket engine. The pressure-based version is like a giant air rifle where air pressure pushes the rocket up. And the centrifugal sling would be like a whip that gives enough speed to a rocket. That it can reach the orbiter. 



2) Space hook, also known as sky hook. 


A space hook or sky hook is a simple hook that is connected to the satellite. The only thing that the developers must remember is. The satellite must be heavier than its payload so that it can use the winch to pull the payload to the orbiter. The thing is that the space hook doesn't require that satellite be at the geostationary trajectory. The satellite can orbit quite a high altitude. 

Then the aircraft will connect the payload to the space hook, and the satellite pulls it to the orbiter. The satellite can have rocket engines for overweight situations. If that winch satellite is heavier than the aircraft it can pull the entire aircraft to orbiter. That thing can be suitable for launching things like miniature space shuttles. 




3) Geostationary space elevator, also known as equatorial space elevator.


The third system uses the centrifugal force of rotation of the Earth for sending spacecraft to outer space. The system requires an asteroid that is anchored to an extremely high tower. This is the only system that might not be able to operate. 

The tower would not face so much stress as we might think. The thing is that the asteroid or counterweight pulls the top of that structure outwards. So the weight that is targeted to the ground is not as big as it would always be. The large asteroid will just remove the weight from the system.


https://bigthink.com/the-future/space-elevator/

Wednesday, July 5, 2023

Could neutrino someday prove the existence of other dimensions?


The neutrinos, mysterious travelers might be a key to next-generation quantum computers. But they might give a tip about the existence of mythic tachyons. Tachyon is the hypothetical faster-than-light object. The existence is that a particle is hard or even impossible to prove. The reason for that is simple. The first reason why that hypothetical particle remains, in theory, is that the tachyon could be the 4D particle. The tachyon cannot interact with regular material, because it's so fast and its energy level is so high, that interaction with 3D particles is impossible. 

But if we follow the model, where the tachyon is the 4D particle that makes the situation very interesting. The tachyon can, of course, interact with other 4D objects. So could tachyons be the reason why black holes are sending gravitational waves? There is the possibility that some kind of reflection creates those gravitational waves. 


"The neutrino view (blue sky map) in front of an artist’s impression of the Milky Way. Credit: IceCube Collaboration/Science Communication Lab for CRC 1491 ScitechDaily.com/Ghostlike Astronomical Messengers Reveal New View of Milky Way)

The only place in the universe where a hypothetical tachyon particle could interact could be a black hole. If the tachyon is real and it tries to travel out from the black hole, the massive gravity slows its speed. So could neutrino the remnant of the tachyon that lost its energy. 

Or in some other models, the event horizon is a standing gravitational wave. And then those tachyons impact with that standing gravitational wave. The interaction between the tachyon, and the gravitational field happens in the 4D space inside black holes. There is the possibility that Tachyon could escape from the event horizon. The gravitation of black holes breaks tachyons. When tachyons speed decreases. That thing turns the tachyon into a 3D particle. 

And that thing makes the game interesting. Are the mysterious "grey photons" called neutrinos the result of that reaction? The black hole pulls everything inside it. But there is something that causes the vaporization of the black hole. The thing, that we call vaporization is the energy flow that comes opposite direction from the black hole than any other wave movement type. 

That means something brings energy into the black hole that makes the black hole turn into wave movement. So could the source of that radiation be the tachyon, the hypothetical particle that could travel faster than the speed of light? The thing is this. Black Hole is the most extreme phenomenon in the universe. Its gravitation is so powerful that it can pull even light inside it. So why it cannot be the source of neutrinos? 

https://scitechdaily.com/deciphering-the-mystery-of-neutrino-mass-a-new-approach-uses-random-matrix-theory/

https://scitechdaily.com/ghostlike-astronomical-messengers-reveal-new-view-of-milky-way/


There might be an answer to why there is a gravitational hole in Earth's gravitational field.


The gravitational field at the point of the Indian Ocean is weaker than in other places on Earth. The existence of that gravitational hole is proved. But the reason why that gravitational hole is formed is unknown. The reason why the gravitational field on the Indian Ocean is weaker might be a simple thing. 

There is a possible lighter rock in the mantle, or there is less material at that point. In some wildest theories, there are bubbles in magma that turn below the bottom of the Indian Ocean are less massive than in other places on Earth. The lighter material at that point should make the hole in gravitation. 


"Geoid undulation in false color. (International Centre for Global Earth Models/Wikimedia, CC BY 4.0)

The impact of the ancient planet. In the time when Earth was young. Cause asymmetry of Earth's gravitational field, because there still is the debris of that impact. But the hole in a gravitational field is harder to explain than regular-looking asymmetry. 


Could the reason for that gravitational hole be the gravitational geyser that sends gravitational waves around the gravitational pool? That puts gravitational waves start to travel away from the point. There that gravitational pike crosses the weaker gravitational field.


In some wildest theories, gravitational waves or gravitational pike causes that hole. That pushes the other parts of Earth's gravitational field away. The idea is that there is some kind of gravitational tornado or gravitational geyser that pushes other gravitational fields away. The higher energy gravitational geyser sends gravitational waves around it. And if the gravitational waves have the same wavelength but the energy level is higher. That thing causes a situation that the stronger gravitational field pushes the weaker gravitational field away. 

The confirmation of the reason why that gravitational hole exists is not given. So that is one of the most interesting things in natural sciences. Gravitation is one of the fundamental interactions. So gravitation should affect in the same way to all components in the gravitational field. Particles form the quantum along with electromagnetic and gravitational fields. 




The thing that there is some kind of hole in the gravitational field means that there is some kind of segment that is not part of the quantum entirety in the system. And that is one of the things that makes this kind of gravitational research interesting. 

Could there hole in black hole's gravitational field?

If we want to transfer this kind of hole in extremely strong gravitational fields there is a possibility that at least in the poles of low mass black holes gravitational field is the hole. The idea is this the hole in that extreme gravitational field forms when a black hole spins very fast. That spin makes the black hole turn flat. In that model, there is less material at the point of the poles of singularity. 

So that thing should make it possible that the gravitational field of black holes is not homogenous. The force of the black hole's gravitational field is very strong. And in those force levels, even small changes in the gravitational or other force fields has a big effect. 


https://www.sciencealert.com/theres-a-giant-gravity-hole-in-the-indian-ocean-and-we-may-finally-know-why

Tuesday, July 4, 2023

Einstein was right: time travels 5 times faster now than in the young universe.


Time dilation is one of the issues of science that has only now begun to interest scientists. The reason for that is that time dilation just gives things like computers more time to make their missions. The problem with time dilation is this. Time is the same thing with all observers who are in the same space. Time dilation in the young universe was more powerful than in the modern universe. And the reason for that was the universe was at a higher energy level. 

The energy is time. In a hot universe, the energy that flows out from particles is slower than in a cold universe. Also, all energy impacts in low energy universe cause higher energy differences between the particle and its environment than in a high-energy, hot universe. In time dilation we might say that quantum field press particles stronger in a high-energy environment. And that causes the situation. Where particles cannot release energy with the same speed as they release in a low-energy environment. Whenever a particle releases energy it loses a small part of its mass.

The difference between energy levels in particles and the space around them was lower. And that means energy flow out from particles was slower than in "our" universe".  That energy that flows out from particles is the thing that turns them older. Sooner or later, the energy flows out from particles turning them to wave movement. Energy always travels at a lower energy level. And energy flow continues until those energy levels reach the same level. 

The universe's expansion causes a situation where the difference between energy levels in particles and their environment turns higher.

 And that increases the speed of energy flow. That accelerates the time. We know that the expansion of the universe accelerates. The reason for that is that the gravitational interaction between objects turns weaker when their distance grows. Radiation that travels in a cold universe faces weaker resistance. 



The thing that causes the expansion of the universe is dark energy. Dark energy means that there is too much energy in the universe. 


There is the possibility that dark energy and dark matter have a connection. In some theories dark energy forms when particles are forming standing waves between them, when they send wave movement. Those standing waves could be things that cause energy reflection from them. And those standing waves would form between gluons and quarks. So are the WIMP's so-called standing waves or virtual particles that cause reflection between quarks and gluons. 

Or maybe those virtual particles can form between other particles. Those virtual particles could explain why we cannot see dark matter. In some models, the WIMP is a quantum skyrmion that pulls the Higgs field through it. And that explains the mysterious gravitational effect called dark matter. That skyrmion model also explains dark e nergy. The skyrmion interaction between each other forms a situation that there is too much energy in the universe. 

And the speed of particles is higher in the cold universe than in the young universe, because the resistance of quantum fields is lower. But otherwise, they cannot transfer as much energy in them as they transfer in a high-energy universe because things like kinetic energy form when a particle takes a small part of the quantum field in it. So the energy in a low-energy universe is different than in a high-energy universe. 

That causes an effect where the effect of impacts of those particles causes the bigger effect. The interactions in the universe are complicated things. They are interactions between quantum fields, particles, and wave movement. So when the universe turns colder the effect of impacts rises because the difference between energy levels is higher.  So in a cold, low-energy universe, the impact causes a more powerful effect, than it causes in a hot, high-energy universe. 

https://scitechdaily.com/einstein-vindicated-quasar-clocks-show-universe-was-5x-slower-soon-after-the-big-bang/

Parallel universe hypothesis.

String theory predicts that there are many other universes. Some of them are in the higher dimensions. And some of them are also in a 3D universe if we think of a dimension as an energy level. 

Sometimes is introduced that the Higgs field that gives mass to particles is the interaction with the fourth dimension. The idea is that when a particle touches the Higgs field that energy field travels through that particle. The Higgs field would make the "mushroom" or fountain-looking effect where Higgs fields travel through the particle. Then the other particles (like hypothetical tachyon) interact with those particles and EM radiation. 

The Higgs field makes the bubble around the particle. And because there are no electromagnetic fields around particles. That small electromagnetic vacuum causes things. That the EM fields are traveling inside the particle. Inside that particle, the EM-field makes a small tornado, that forms the energy pike in those particles. That energy pike is the thing that pulls energy fields through that particle. 

The parallel universe hypothesis is one of the most extraordinary but same way, interesting theories about the universe. The idea is that there are many other dimensions. And there are many other worlds. The major question is where those other dimensions are. One answer could be that those other dimensions are very small. 

But when we think that extra dimensions hiding in superstrings and black holes. We must realize that the hypothetical observer. That exists in the fourth dimension would be so small that we cannot even see that creature. 

"The University of Tsukuba has mathematically demonstrated that parallel worlds, as predicted by superstring theories in theoretical physics, experience the same extreme changes (“blowing up”) under certain conditions. This research further confirms the interconnectedness of these two worlds (A-side and B-side), underscoring a significant aspect of mirror symmetry in these theoretical constructs". (ScitechDaily.com/Physicists Prove That Parallel Worlds Cannot Be Extremely Different From Each Other)


If parallel universes exist material in them is not far different from material, as we know it. 


The model of the small extra dimensions is taken from the model, of how dimension interacts when the observer falls into the black hole. When the observer closes the event horizon that observer turns smaller and smaller. 

The reason for that effect could be that when particles are closing the event horizon the quantum vapor or superstrings that travel through the particle pulls it smaller because of that thing. The superstring pulls the EM field from inside the particle with it. Or the quantum fields press those particles smaller. 


In some models, the number of dimensions is limitless. The energy level and its relation to other energy levels determine the dimension where the particle is. 


And the only place, where we even can see the shadow of other dimensions is a black hole. The idea about the fourth dimension is this the black hole's massive gravitation turns the universe opposite to this universe. The fourth dimension is the energy level where 3D material loses its ability to change information with 4D material. 

The fourth (or fifth) dimension explains also many things. The idea is that the black hole is a tensor or antenna that connects the 3rd dimension with the fourth dimension. In this model, the extreme energy of a supernova explosion pushes material to so high energy level that it can interact with the fourth dimension. If parallel universes exist material in them is not far different from material, as we know it. 


https://www.space.com/32728-parallel-universes.html


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiverse


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superstring_theory

The future AI cognition mimics humans.

The AI can have a physical body. The robot body communicates with supercomputers. And it makes them more flexibility.  AI learns the same wa...