Harvard's futuristic wearable soft robot is an interesting tool.

  Harvard's futuristic wearable soft robot is an interesting tool. 

"Innovative research has developed a soft robotic garment that significantly reduces freezing episodes in Parkinson’s disease patients, offering a promising new approach to treatment and understanding of the disease. (Artist’s concept.) Credit: SciTechDaily.com." (ScitechDaily.com/Strides of Innovation: Soft Robotic Exosuit Improves Walking for People With Parkinson’s Disease)   

"The robotic garment (above), worn around the hips and thighs, gives a gentle push to the hips as the leg swings, helping the patient achieve a longer stride. Credit: Walsh Biodesign Lab/Harvard SEAS" (ScitechDaily.com/Strides of Innovation: Soft Robotic Exosuit Improves Walking for People With Parkinson’s Disease)

The new soft robot suit can give major help to Parkinson's patients. But it can make many new things. The Harvard developers developed a futuristic soft robot suite for Parkinson patient's that can correct their "freezing" moments. That soft robot suite can interact with muscles and nerves. The computer system sees when the freezing moment comes. And the robot suite can react to that thing. 

That robot suite can also be used by people who have brain injuries. Or bad balance. The robot suite sensors can see when a person falls. And then it can make counter-movement. That counter movement can done by using muscle stimulation. Or the system can use the tools that are connected to the robot suit. 

When a person loses balance or goes unconscious the robot suit can save a person from injuries and even dial the emergency number. Then the AI tells what is the problem. The robot suite can also send information on the body functions to the ambulance crew that comes to the place. The number and position of sensors determine what data that kind of system can collect. 

"Researchers at SEAS and the BU’s Sargent College of Health & Rehabilitation Sciences used a soft, wearable robot to help a person living with Parkinson’s walk without freezing. The robotic garment, worn around the hips and thighs, gives a gentle push to the hips as the leg swings, helping the patient achieve a longer stride. The research demonstrates the potential of soft robotics to treat a potentially dangerous symptom of Parkinson’s disease and could allow people living with the disease to regain their mobility and independence. Credit: Harvard SEAS" (ScitechDaily.com/Strides of Innovation: Soft Robotic Exosuit Improves Walking for People With Parkinson’s Disease)

The thing is that this kind of system can also be suitable in space and other extreme places. In the deep sea, those robots can used to save scuba divers in the case of nitrogen narcosis. Another thing is that those robots or their sensors can also used to control the exobodies. Exobody is the robot that the operator controls in augmented reality. The system can use the EEG curves to control the human-looking robot's actions. Or the system can use sensors that connect to angles. 

Those sensors are used to make human-looking animated cartoons. The same technology can used to control robots. The operator can control the "exobody" by using laser scanners and cameras that are in circles around the operator. Then the operator must only make movements and the system transfers them to the exobody. 

An ability to take the body under control makes that kind of operation more flexible and safe than ever before. The robot suit can cooperate with the space suit. And when we think about wearable robot-space suits that thing can make it possible to create new types of tools to handle things like nuclear accidents. 

Especially the heavy space suit called the "white suit" is very resistant to radiation. That kind of space suit robots can used for cleaning operations in areas, where radioactive fallout is at a dangerous level. The white suit is developed to protect its users against cosmic radiation and high-speed electrons and helium nuclei. The hollow suite-looking robot can act as a rescue capsule. The system can take humans inside it, and then travel out from the danger zone. 

https://scitechdaily.com/strides-of-innovation-soft-robotic-exosuit-improves-walking-for-people-with-parkinsons-disease/

Colloid thrusters as plasma-stealth and electromagnetic compressor systems. For next-generation aviation.

 Colloid thrusters as plasma-stealth and electromagnetic compressor systems. For next-generation aviation. 

The "electrospray" can work also as a stealth system.

The ion engines can give poor thrust. But those kinds of systems can used to make the ion layer between radar and aircraft or ships. The ion engine can also used to create an ion trail behind the drones. That is flying between the aircraft and the ground. 

The "electrospray" can be a useful tool in combination with technology where thin ionization is used to create an ion layer over aircraft and ship hulls. That kind of system can make the next-generation plasma-stealth systems possible. 

In those plasma-stealth systems, the ion layer pulls radar impulses in ions or anions. And that thing denies the radar echo. In some other models, the ion system makes the plasma cloud that acts like a "chaff dispenser" and makes the false targets for radar-homing missiles. In some other versions, the system loads opposite polar electricity to the target. When the target is loaded with minus electric load, and ions are delivered to the air, that negative electricity pulls those ions like protons or nitrogen ions to that target. 

There are two ways to make the electrospray that denies radar see targets. The first one is that. The aircraft or ship covers its shell with an ion layer. The other system bases that fast-flying drones or manned aircraft will pull ionic trails behind them. That ion or anion trail will deny the radar impulses travel through it. 

SR-72

MQ-28 Ghost Bat

From Above: Lockheed SR-27 hypersonic testbed concept. And Boeing MQ-28 Ghost Bat. This type of drone can pull ion trail between the aircraft and radars. 

Colloid thrusters as plasma-stealth and electromagnetic compressor systems. For next-generation aviation. 

"Simple ramjet operation, with Mach numbers of flow shown" (Wikipedia/Ramjet)

"Diagram of principle of operation of a scramjet engine" (Wikipedia/scramjet)

The problem with those systems is the lack of compressors. It's hard to make a mechanical compressor that accelerates the airflow to Mach 7. If the compressor rotates too fast it makes a vacuum around it. And that makes it impossible to put that compressor at the front of the ramjet or scramjet engine. That vacuum pulls exhaust gas forward and that engine stops to give thrust. And the centripetal force can also break a fast-rotating turbine. 

In some visions, the compressor is behind the Ramjet. And that vacuum that forms around the fast-rotating turbine wheel behind the exhaust tube pulls airflow through the engine. Another thing is to use an electromagnetic compressor that pulls ion flow through the ramjet or scramjet engine. 

That means the aircraft must reach Mach 1 so that the ramjet engine can start to operate. The scramjet requires about speed of Mach 7. That it can ignite fuel that is hydrogen. If the system uses magnetic accelerators and ions it could accelerate airflow to the needed speed while the aircraft is in a stable position. 

The colloid thruster could be a suitable tool for hypersonic aircraft. The system can ionize gas for magnetic compressors. 

The problem with the ramjet and scramjet engines is that they have no compressors. The mechanical compressor that can push air to the super-, and hypersonic engine with speeds of Mach 5+ is hard to make. One solution that can respond to that problem is the electromagnetic compressor. The electrospray system or colloid thruster can used as an auxiliary ionizers for ion compressors. The ion compressor system pulls ions like oxygen ions into the jet engines. 

That kind of system is suitable for ramjet and scramjet engines. The ionization makes it possible for engineers to create a system that can drive gas flow in supersonic or hypersonic engines. The system pulls ionized gas through the engine. And that gas flow travels with speed. That is high enough that the engine can ignite the hydrogen. That is suitable fuel for super- and hypersonic systems. The magnetic compressor uses magnetic fields to create the gas flow that allows it to ignite the fuel. 

The electrospray system also can make the ions for the electric jet engines. In electric jet engines, the combustion is replaced by using an electric arc. The system can use the magnetic compressor to collect ionized gas for the electric jet engine. Then the system makes an expansion for that gas by using an electric arc. That kind of engine system are very powerful tool for the next generation of very fast aircraft.

https://www.boeing.com/defense/MQ-28/index.page

https://forcaaerea.com.br/raaf-nomeia-como-mq-28a-ghost-bat-o-loyal-wingman/

https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/new-electric-jet-engine-actually-works-inside-the-atmosphere

https://militaryarmamentshub.com/admin/inside-the-top-secret-race-for-americas-first-hypersonic-aircraft/

https://scitechdaily.com/electrospray-technology-palm-sized-propulsion-for-future-space-missions/ 

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boeing_MQ-28_Ghost_Bat

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colloid_thruster

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lockheed_Martin_SR-72

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramjet

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scramjet

Oxygen plays a crucial role in advancing technology.

   Oxygen plays a crucial role in advancing technology.

The beginning is always tricky. Even humans must take their first steps a long time before they get a driver's license. Same way, all civilizations must make their first spaceflight before they can conquer galaxies. 

Nobody can pass the first steps if they want to reach something. Even if hypothetical civilization controls the entire galaxy, there has always been the first flight to the orbiter, then to moons and planets, and finally to stars. 

When we make models about other civilizations and their abilities. We must realize one thing. Even if a person can drive a car that doesn't necessarily mean that person can drive a bicycle. If a person has not driven for a long time, they might forget how to drive the car to the parking lot.  That means no civilization knows everything. That means civilization might also forget some primitive skills. 

Researchers are searching for alien techno signatures. One of the techno signatures that researchers can use is pollution gasses. The idea in that kind of search is that alien civilizations use combustion engines as we use them. And that means they deliver pollution into their atmosphere. This means oxygen plays a vital role in technical processes as we know them. 

And another thing is oxygen plays a vital role in the carbon-base lifeform's metabolism. So without oxygen are no aliens and no technology because our first inventions are connected to fire. Without the ability to make fire is impossible to conquer cold areas. Fire is crucial for metal hardware and cooking food. Fire also keeps organisms warm. 

When we think about the technical advancement of civilizations the  pre-Kardashev-1 scale civilization uses the combustion engines. But the Kardashev-scale 1 civilization will not use them anymore. The main power for Kardashev scale 1 civilization, which can control and benefit 100 % of their planet's and their moon's energy and other resources would use power satellites and maybe geothermal energy as energy sources. 

Then, we can think about the civilization's route to the interstellar civilization that controls at least its own and a couple of other solar systems. We must realize that the route to WARP technology, wormholes, and other kinds of things goes through combustion engines. 

Conquering the solar systems requires massive investments. The early Kardashev scale 1 civilization controls their planet. But they will not have the ability to make routine trips to other planets. Conquering the solar systems requires resources. And that means aliens require motivation for those projects. One motivation would be overpopulation. The aliens must make the bases and take raw materials. And their solar system is a good place to find those things. 

The first steps are always difficult but then the aliens will get routine for space trips. And maybe our route will follow that route. We are not a Kardashev-scale 1 civilization yet. And for reaching that level the species must have reason for making peace in their home planets. 

One of those things that can make species work for one purpose is the cosmic threat or some kind of climate change. The rogue planet that comes to the solar system can cause the need to create technology, that destroys this size of threat. The sad thing is that the outcoming enemy melts the community into one. The problem is that technology that can save civilization can be used as a weapon. 

"Energy consumption in three types of civilization as defined by Sagan's extended Kardashev scale" Wikipedia, Kardashev scale. 

Kardashev scale: Baby steps to stars. 

Kardashev scale 1: Civilization controls the entire planet. 

Kardashev scale 2: Civilization controls their solar system. 

Kardashev scale 3: Civilization controls the entire galaxy. 

If we connect Maslow's hierarchy of needs to that model, we can say that the Kardashev scale 1  automatically creates the need to reach Kardashev scale 2. Kardashev scale 2 creates the need to reach Kardashev scale 3. If the motive for conquering the solar system has been overpopulation, not even Dyson's spheres and terraformation cannot solve that problem forever. And that means civilization must always move to stars. Finally, that need comes to the front of them, when their home star expands to the red giant and uses its last fuel droplet. Then the nova eruption destroys the solar system's ability to maintain life. 

In the Kadashev scale, the path from the Kardashev scale 1 civilization that controls their planet to the Kardashev scale 3 civilization that controls the entire galaxy goes through the Kardashev scale 2. Civilization cannot pass any of the stages. And then we must realize that only the late Kardashev scale 3 civilization can control the entire galaxy. In the Kardashev scale reaching the first stage, Kardashev scale 1 will automatically create the need to develop technology to reach Kardashev scale 2. Kardashev scale 2 creates the need to reach the Kardashev scale 3. The idea for that model is taken from Maslow's hierarchy of needs. The lower level in the Kardashev scale creates the need to reach the next level. 

But things like overpopulation can force the species to create methods to conquer first their solar system and then other solar systems. But conquering other solar systems requires that the civilization reaches Kardashev scale 2. And the path to that goes through Kardashev scale 1. Civilization cannot pass the lower level in the Kardashev scale. 

That means if the civilization wants to turn Kardashev scale 3 civilization, that controls entire or large areas in the galaxy it must go through scales 1 and 2 because in the Kardashev model civilization studies technology that it needs for the next step in the lower levels. 

And before nobody conquers the solar systems they must create technology that gives a safe and cheap way to transport merchandise to the orbiter. 

The aliens must create regular rockets. Before they transfer use some more effective systems like magnetic catapults. They are connected into very tall towers. The magnetic track pulls the cargo to the top of the tower where the engines start. In some other models, the hydrogen-scramjet-driven hypersonic aircraft pulls a small shuttle to the ballistic jump. Then at the top point, the rockets of that small remote-controlled shuttle will start to operate. 

https://scitechdaily.com/unlocking-alien-tech-oxygens-crucial-role-in-extraterrestrial-civilizations/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kardashev_scale