Are we already found alien life?

"Small part of the Cydonia region, taken by the Viking 1 orbiter and released by NASA/JPL on July 25, 1976". (Wikipedia/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cydonia_(Mars))

Some researchers suggest that maybe we already found alien life or evidence of even intelligent lifeforms. But we judged them false too quickly. And then, if the falsification happens too fast, it's hard to change the testimony. But the fact is that the evidence of the suspected ancient Matian lifeforms is not found very often. 

And that is evidence that supports and denies the hypothesis about ancient primitive lifeforms on the red planet. The suspected bacteria fossils on a meteorite found in Antarctica look like cyanobacteria. So their origin can be on Earth. 

Somebody says that we already found evidence of intelligent life. In some theories, the "face of Mars" are created by nanomachines that can imitate things that they see. And some other people think that the famous image that is found in Wikipedia is from some underwater platform. 

Image 2) "Electron microscopy revealed chain structures resembling living organisms in meteorite fragment ALH84001" (Wikipedia/Allan Hills 84001) ALH84001 means Allan Hills 84001)

When we think about the Viking experiments in the 1970s there were some incoherences in samples that Viking landers analyzed during their operational time. That thing caused suspicion that there could be some primitive lifeforms on Mars. But then all those pieces of evidence were falsified. And after that, there has been some kind of discussions about the messages or signals captured by the SETI program. 

There was evidence that are against and supporting the theory that those BLC 1 and Wow!-signals were artificial. And the best thing that supports that theory is that those signals happened only once. The BLC 1 came from the direction of Proxima Centauri, but the origin of that signal is unknown. 

The Proxima Centauri's direction doesn't mean that signal comes from Proxima Centauri. There is also a yellow, sun-type star in another direction where the "Wow! signal could" come. The distance to that star is over 3000 ly. 

But why we are overcritical? Why is all evidence that are supporting life on other planets denied? The thing is that some people are thinking that "little green men" are a joke. We always forget that genetic engineering can make it possible that even humans can have green skin. Green skin can have chlorophyll in its cells.

And that allows the skin of the creature can create the same sugars as vegetables. So are the "little green men" some kind of joke? The thing is that genetic engineering can hybridize vegetables and humans. And that thing causes interesting thoughts in my mind. 

https://bigthink.com/hard-science/alien-life-false-positives/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allan_Hills_84001

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BLC1

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cydonia_(Mars)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viking_program

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wow!_signal

https://shorttextsofoldscholars.blogspot.com/

Planet nine, stealth technology, electromagnetic explosives, and laser rockets are fascinating combinations.

Planet nine could be a stealth planet. 

There is the possibility that Planet X or the mythic ninth planet is invisible. Because around that planet is a thin hydrogen layer. When weak solar radiation hits those hydrogen atoms. They will turn their electrons against solar radiation.

 So solar radiation causes a situation in that the hydrogen atoms send wave movement that turns sunlight to travel past that hypothetical planet. In that case, the planet is invisible. There is a possibility that planet X's surface temperature is the same as its environment. 

That means there is no energy exchange between that planet and its environment. That makes this object extremely hard to detect. And that means the hypothetical planet X is a stealth planet. Even if the energy that impacts its dayside rises. Planet X's temperature is a little bit higher than its environment so energy travels to nightside. 

And that means we cannot see that hypothetical planet if it exists. The reason, why Planet 9 interests researchers are that the phenomenon that makes it invisible also interests stealth researchers. 

2A

2B

2C

2D

Images from the top. 

Image 2A: TNT molecule. 

Image 2B: RDX molecule. 

Image 2C: 2D water molecules. (Left image)

Image 2C Graphene

2D materials, like fullerene and graphene, make next-generation explosives and rocket engines possible.

When we think about the graphene's molecular structure and 2D  water molecule network. That form is similar to the carbon or hydrogen ring in the TNT and RDX. So it's possible just to send electromagnetic radiation to fullerene and 2D water. 

That thing creates a situation where energy forms a standing wave in the middle of the ring. And when energy starts to reflect. That thing causes reflecting waves in the structure. So that structure makes EM explosives possible.

Fullerene and graphene are fascinating materials. Those materials can use in many systems. And one of those systems is the stealth-systems. There is the possibility that the system anchors electrons in the middle of the graphene structure. And then energy will conduct to that graphene structure. 

When energy impacts those electrons they send counter photons against incoming radiation. That could make reflection weaker or deny the radiation impact with the layer. In that model, the hydrogen atoms could anchor in the middle of the graphene layer. The electron would be outwards. And then, the proton will shoot energy impulses. That removes energy from incoming radiation. And make reflection weaker. 

Nanomaterials are key elements in electromagnetic explosives. 

But the fullerene and graphene can make electromagnetic explosives and laser rockets possible. Nanotechnology makes explosives more accurate and powerful than ever before. 

When energy impacts graphene. That structure aims in the middle of the carbon rings. Then that radiation jumps back. And it acts like a carbon ring in the RDX. But in that case, the explosion is forming when the radiation energy impacts to graphene structure. The thing that makes gunpowder, TNT, and RDX (Hexogen) explosives are the carbon rings. 

When energy travels in those carbon rings they aim energy in the middle of those rings. And when the energy level turns high enough. It suddenly breaks that ring. That releases lots of energy. When the energy pump to those rings starts, it forms a standing wave movement. When the energy pump continues. It rises the energy level in that standing wave movement. 

Also, energy pumping keeps the carbon ring or ball in form. When energy pumping ends . The pressure difference between in and outside the ring rises. And then outcoming energy destroys the structure and releases more energy stored in those chemical bonds. 

But what if you will aim the laser ray at the fullerene? Fulleren is a ball-shaped carbon moelcule. When radiation hits fullerene. It will aim for energy in the middle of it. Also energy level between those carbon atoms starts to rise. That breaks the fullerene ball, and in that case, the energy stored in the fullerene is released. So the fullerene acts like a vacuum bomb. 

When energy jumps out from the middle of the carbon ball it touches the energy strings that travel between carbon atoms. The system forms an extremely powerful energy impact. While the energy that the laser pumps to fullerene is released. 

That thing makes it possible to use fullerene as the booster in electromagnetic rocket engines. The system sprays fullerene balls in the microwave or laser ray. That electromagnetic radiation makes those fullerenes explode. That thing increases the power of electromagnetic rocket engines. 

https://scitechdaily.com/strange-new-form-of-ice-discovered-raises-many-questions-on-the-very-nature-of-liquid-water/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fullerene

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphene

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planet_Nine

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RDX

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TNT

https://shorttextsofoldscholars.blogspot.com/

NASA Maxwell X-57 all-electric aircraft made a thermal test for its cruise engines.

All electric aircraft are the tools that can revolutionize aviation. Electric engines can use to make aircraft silent. So the next-generation aircraft can use electric engines for lift-off from city areas and fly away from cities. Then they can start to use their jet engines. That thing can use to lower the noise that aircraft create. The "flying cars" or cheap VTOL (Vertical Take-off and Landing) aircraft can use by officials and private actors. The all-electric engine systems allow them to operate from any parking lots. 

There is also the possibility that all-electric vehicles can also act as submarines. Today those "flying submarines" are small quadcopters that can operate in airborne and underwater conditions. But it's possible to create larger, manned models of those small drones. 

If the electric-powered aircraft uses a wireless electric supply. There are no limits to the time that this system can operate. The system can create wireless power by using laser-aimed lighting. The electric-powered aircraft is not necessarily slow. Research teams in China, Russia, and the USA test the plasma-jet engines their electric arcs are making plasma. And then magnets are driving that plasma backward. The plasma-jet engines allow aircraft can travel even at hypersonic speed. And then the system can also use the remote energy supply without landing. 

The plasma-jet engines also allow the "flying submarine" can fly at high-speed. The same engine and its magnetic track can use as MHD (Magnetic Hydrodynamic Drive). And the shape of that system can be a winged cigar that can operate airborne and underwater. 

There created the idea that large-size quadcopters can use to rise jet aircraft from the ground and then fly them to the area there are no people. Then those helicopters simply drop that aircraft. And it will continue its flight by using jet engines. There are also plans for manned quadcopters that are using turning blowers. The winged quadcopter rises like all other quadcopters, and then it can turn its blowers backward. And that allows it to operate faster than regular helicopters. 

https://visionsoftheaiandfuture.blogspot.com/

New research allows transferring neurons between species.

"This is a histological image of a rat brain with a grafted human brain organoid. Credit: Jgamadze et al." (ScitechDaily.com/Scientists Transplant Human Brain Organoids Into Adult Rats – And They Respond to Visual Stimuli)

Scientists transfer human neurons to adult rats' brains. And those neurons give a response to visual stimuli. This is the first time in history that living neurons transferred to an adult's brain. And that thing allows the creation of new types of medical treatment for brain damage. The ability to transfer neurons to the neural system and make them operate also allows the transfer of the "brain" between people. 

The problem with neuron transfer is that those new neurons have no memories. Neurons need their memory blocks to make their missions perfectly. Those memory blocks are needed so that neurons can find the right track for information that travels through it. 

DNA transfer allows creating the customized organs for people. In some models, the DNA bite that controls the cell's shell antigen production will transfer to animals like pigs. That allows the creation of customized organs for people who need them. Rats and mice are excellent for making neurons. Those rodents are fast growing. And they are used in tests in multiple laboratories. 

Another version is that system duplicates the neuro's DNA using PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction). And then transfer that DNA to other cells. One of those cell types can be cancer cells. In that case, the system removes old DNA from those cells. And replace it with new DNA. 

The cloned cells allow for avoiding the immune defense because cloned cells are not alerting immune defense. The problem is that the system must produce lots of cells. That can replace the destruction in mechanical brain damage. 

One of the biggest problems with that kind of cell transfer is the immune defense that destroys all foreign cells. Normally, the immune defense destroys the transplanted cells if their antigens differ from the individual's cells. 

But by using genetic engineering is possible to create the perfect cells for transplant. The idea is that cells can create by cloning the individual's neurons. And by using advanced biotechnology and nanotechnology is possible to create genetically engineered mice that tissue antigens perfectly fit with the receiving human. 

The idea is that the DNA bite that controls the cell's antigen forming will transfer from the receiving human to the rat's embryo. That allows the creation of customized tissues like neurons for receivers. Transferring the DNA that controls tissue antigen formation allows the creation of animals like pigs for making customized organs for people. 

https://scitechdaily.com/scientists-transplant-human-brain-organoids-into-adult-rats-and-they-respond-to-visual-stimuli/

https://artificialintelligenceandindividuals.blogspot.com/

The AI detects alien signals from data.

The alien signals and SETI program are some of the most interesting things in the world. There is a couple of unique signals whose origin is unknown. And some researchers introduce that signals like BLC-1 and Wow-signal are some kind of emergency signals whose origin is unknown. 

Some studies are saying that probably human interference is behind the BLC-1. But because the signal doesn't repeat. The BLC-1's origin remains open. 

"When we fed our AI a previously studied dataset, it discovered eight signals of interest the classic algorithm missed. To be clear, these signals are probably not from extraterrestrial intelligence, and are more likely rare cases of radio interference". (ScienceAlert.com/AI System Detects Strange Signals of Unknown Origin in Radio Data)

There are no confirmed alien signals, but there are eight suspicious cases. Those BLC (Breakthrough Listen Candidate) cases cause discussion about the origin of those signals. The only fact that is confirmed is that those signals are unique. 

That means the same thing that supports the theory of alien civilization as their origin. And their natural origin. The problem is why those signals are not repeating. All natural reactions happen simultaneously. So the reaction or the case that is behind those BLC signals must happen only once. So that thing causes discussion. 

Are BLC signals some kind of emergency signals? That could explain why those signals are unique. 

If that BLC signals like Proxima Centauri signal and the Wow! the signal is forming in purpose, and the alien civilization is behind them. What kinds of signals and messages are unique? Are those BLC signals some kind of emergency signals? That explains why w hear them only once. 

When we say that some signals coming from Proxima Centauri, we don't mean that signal comes from Proxima Centauri. They come from the Proxima Centuari's direction. Making accurate measurements requires that the signals receiving time are long enough that the radio telescopes can make the triangular measurements. 

SETI (Search For Extraterrestrial Intelligence) uses radio telescopes to listen to possible alien broadcasts. And there is one difference between human and alien broadcasts. Nobody knows how long the BLC-1 signal from Proxima Centauri's direction, captured in December 2019 lasted. And because nobody confessed to being behind that signal, it remains a mystery. 

And that means nobody knows how much that signal remained out of the recording system. The biggest difference between alien broadcasts and human broadcasts is that aliens will not tell when the broadcast begins. And that means the broadcast begins suddenly. The second problem is how to separate alien broadcasts from other radio signals. 

The third problem is how to decrypt that message. Nobody knows anything about the encoding system that hypothetical aliens use. Nobody knows anything about their culture. 

Nobody knows when the alien signal began. That means that breaking their code is very hard. But before that, researchers must detect the alien signals. Before that, they cannot open the code. And the problem with that process is that nobody knows how much information is left outside the telescopes. 

https://www.sciencealert.com/ai-system-detects-strange-signals-of-unknown-origin-in-radio-data

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breakthrough_Listen

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BLC1

https://artificialintelligenceandindividuals.blogspot.com/

Unexpected ring system found around the dwarf planet Quaoar.

Dwarf planet Quaoar is the gravitational center in its environment. The gravitational effect of that dwarf planet is minimal. But gravitation always acts the same way. So the same effect that forms a ring-system around giant planets forms the ring around dwarf planet Quaoar. 

The formation of the ring system depends on the Roche limit, the strength of gravitation, and the distance from the sun. Also, the gravitational effect of other planets and dwarf planets affects those rings. The requirement for forming the ring system is the solar wind's strength compared to the planet's or gravitational center's gravitation field's strength. 

The reason why Earth has no ring is that solar wind just blows those particles away. The reason why Quaoar has rings is that solar wind in that distance is so weak. Those particles will anchor around Quaoar. There is a possibility that almost all objects in the Kuiper belt have ring systems. 

The thing, that makes those ring systems interesting is that astronomers can use them to observe suddenly impacting energy waves. Those energy waves impact with those rings that are orbiting weak gravitational centers. And those energy impulses affect of trajectories of those rings. Professor Heikki Salo from the University of Oulu played a key role in that research. So congrats to Oulu. 

https://yle.fi/a/74-20016981

https://scitechdaily.com/space-mystery-unexpected-new-ring-system-discovered-in-our-own-solar-system/

https://shorttextsofoldscholars.blogspot.com/

Is time an illusion?

Time is relative, said Albert Einstein. And that is the only real fact about time. Things like time as dimension or time as wave movement are theories, or attempts to model that kind of thing. We know that we can stop aging by traveling at the speed of light. When an object travels with the speed of light, that thing causes a situation where that particle gets so much more energy than it loses. And that is the situation where the particle is not aging. 

The speed of light is relative. When the universe expands the quantum fields that are slowing the time will turn weaker. And that means the material is also turned thinner. So in the young universe speed of light is slower than it's now. 

That thing that should be real is the medium, where light travels. Affect the speed of light. The speed of light is lower in water than in the air and in air, particle travels slower than in a vacuum. 

But the thing that makes the speed of light relative is that we can observe it outside from water. If we would live in a universe filled with water, we would not see that difference. The speed of light is always the top speed. But the differences in the speed of light in the medium are possible to see only when a photon or some other particle crosses the border of those mediums. 

Cherenkov's radiation forms when a particle crosses the speed of light when a particle crosses the border between water and air, in a short moment,  it travels faster than the speed of light. Things like neutrino detectors benefit that idea. When the particle's speed decreases, it sends a blue light shockwave. And that blue light shockwave turns the sky to blue. 

Because it must release kinetic energy to water for slowing its speed from the top speed in air to the top (or highest) possible speed in the water. But we can see that thing only because we can observe the border between air and water. 

That's why we cannot measure the speed of light outside our universe. The reason for that is we are inside the system. We know it's higher. But that's the only thing that we know. 

Aging means that particle turns to wave movement. And that means time is real in the material. The reason for that is the expansion of the universe. And then we are facing the question is time travel possible? As I always said, like Einstein and Hawking said, time travel forward in time is possible by accelerating the particle or object to so close to the speed of light as possible. But then again we can virtually cross the speed of light. 

The idea for that virtual crossing the cosmic speed limit is this: (Escaping velocity + the speed of object should be over the speed of light). That thing should make particle younger because it gets more energy. And that energy should replace the energy that the particle lost in quantum vaporization. 

But is time travel backward in time possible? The fact is that requires that time exists in space. And nobody has seen time in that form. The thing is that time is unknown to us. It's the thing that we can see from the clock. But that time is not the time that physicists are calling time. 

https://www.iaea.org/newscenter/news/what-is-cherenkov-radiation

https://artificialintelligenceandindividuals.blogspot.com/

Neutron lasers and neutrino beams are the next-generation tools.

Neutron lasers and neutrino beams are the next-generation tools. If researchers can capture neutrons and neutrinos. 

Neutron lasers are neutron clouds that are trapped in magnetic tanks. And the main problem with that system is how to get neutrons. The powerful magnetic field can trap neutrons from nuclear reactors. Neutrons are polar particles so the magnetic system can pull them backward slowing their speed. And then the magnetic field can lock neutrons in a magnetic chamber or tank. 

Those systems have based on the idea that when neutrons are stressed with the energy they send neutron radiation. Those neutrons will capture from nuclear reactors. Then in the middle of the tank is the group of neutrons that are put in line. Then the energy will pump to those hovering neutrons. The neutron cloud that surrounds those entangled neutrons will pump energy to them. And they send neutron radiation in both directions.

Below: A diagram of the neutron laser.  

3         VV

1 (***********)

2 >>>>>>>>>

1 (**********)

3       AA

The diagram of the neutron laser is 

1) Neutron cloud

2) Linear positioned neutrons 

3) Outcoming energy 

The outcoming energy stress neutron cloud surrounds linear neutrons. And the beam is forming in that part of the system. Maybe a magnetic field can use to trap those neutrons in the laser system. If that is possible. The neutron laser can be a reality. And neutron-lasers can use as a model for neutrino lasers. 

Image 2) The system used to create the most powerful neutrino beam. " The design of the experiment is elegant — produce neutrinos and measure them at Fermilab, send them straight through 1,300 kilometers of earth, then measure them again in giant liquid-argon detectors at Sanford Lab. Credit: Fermilab". (Phys.org/How do you make the world's most powerful neutrino beam?) In image 2 you can see how difficult is to create a neutrino beam. And that means capturing those particles is even more difficult. 

Neutrino beam can use to research protons.

New sensors in Fermilab were used to test the ability to create a neutrino-particle beam. If that particle beam or "neutrino-ion cannon" is possible to create. That thing allows observing things like the proton's internal structures. The name of that test system is MINERvA. And it's the beginning of the next-generation detectors that can scan subatomic particles' internal structure. 

Neutrinos are ghost particles with very weak interaction. That means they can travel through entire planets without touching anything. And that makes it very hard to detect them. Because neutrinos are particles, they can use to send similar radiation to neutrons. But neutrino radiation is a very short wave. There is a possibility that some kind of magnetic field can trap neutrinos in the chamber. And then powerful radiation will aim at that neutrino cloud. 

When radiation stimulation ends. Neutrinos are sent similar radiation with neutrons. Neutrino beams can use to detect the internal structures of protons. Or they can use "super X-ray" systems that can see many things that are impossible to see another way. Another version is to use neutrinos like ion cannons use ions. But the problem is that neutrinos are not following magnetic fields with very high accuracy. 

Capturing neutrinos in a chamber is not a very easy mission. But if that is possible. It can create a new type of instrument that can observe the internal structures of protons. 

https://fnal.gov/pub/science/experiments/intensity/minerva.html

https://phys.org/news/2019-11-world-powerful-neutrino.html?deviceType=mobile

https://scitechdaily.com/ghostly-neutrinos-provide-groundbreaking-new-way-to-investigate-the-structure-of-protons/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutrino

https://likeinterstellartravelingandfuturism.blogspot.com/

MIT researchers grow perfect atom-thin materials.

The new materials like intelligent canvas, are groups of robots. Those robots require miniature microchips. And those microchips require 2D atom structure frames. The perfect atom-thin materials require for nanomachines. And those materials can make a new type of medical possible. The nanomachines are molecular-size machines. The most important thing in those machines is the form of the molecule. The problem with those systems is how to make the form that repeats again and again. If the shape of those molecules is wrong the nanomachine will not work.

Atom-thin materials are needed for a new type of miniaturized technology. Those materials act as a frame where things like nano-size transistors and other components are anchored in their position. The minimum size of nano-size transistors is three atoms that act as a base, collector, and emitter. That allows the creation of extremely small-size microchips. 

The new intelligent canvas is the robot group. That thing makes it possible that the canvas can fix its damages. In some visions, the chain armor that Norman knights used would be created by using modern technology. In some futuristic models, the chainrings that formed those armor skirts can be replaced by using robots. The robot snakes would take their place and then close the rings. That allows us to form the most incredible intelligent material. The robots might be thinner than copper wire. And that makes the new self-repairing structures and materials possible. 

And those microchips are needed in nanotechnology and especially in controlling nano-sized robots. Nanotechnology also allows the creation of new types of materials like canvas, where the small robot "snakes" are replacing fibers. That thing allows us to create a canvas that can fix its holes. This kind of system requires small and powerful computers. The intelligent canvas is a group of robots. 

There possibility that the sub-robots are forming robot "snakes". Those robots can have jaws that act like hooks that those robots are touching each other. The robots can remove their touch. And then they can connect. That kind of thing is a reality maybe quite soon. 

https://scitechdaily.com/mit-engineers-grow-perfect-atom-thin-materials/

The new artificial plume robot can act as the ultimate observation tool.

The new light-driven robot looks like a plume. Its controllers control that machine by using light. The robot itself looks like a plume. That makes it very interesting. The artificial plume can land on the human body and observe things like neural electric signals. That new nano- or miniature robot can operate along with quadcopters that are transmitting signals to it. 

The light gives power to that robot, but the same light can use to give commands to that robot's tiny computers. And that means they can slip into houses and other things. Those tiny robots can interact with larger quadcopters. And they can be the ultimate couple in the recon missions. 

Miniature robots are always very interesting tools. And there are many problems with those systems. But those systems have a big opportunity in observation, recon, and all kinds of things. 

The first one is how to make microchips that are agile enough. Those miniature robots can collect samples from liquids like oils. They can check if the person is alive. And they can also operate as recon and intelligence missions. If those systems have seismic sensors they can listen to the surface oscillation and send that data to the headquarters which can be on another side of the Earth. 

The large group of miniature robots can also use to fix holes in the ship's hull or even in flying aircraft. The miniature robots will cover the hole and act as the support structure for repairing compression. And that kind of thing can make many things safer in the future. The field of miniature robots is unlimited. The imagination limits the use of those systems. 

They can observe chemicals or animals in nature. The miniature robots can make recon and intelligence missions. They can place themselves in the clothes and slip into the targeted building.  Those robots can slip into the computers and then send all data from those systems to their operators. The miniature robots can also use to give things like botulinum injections to targeted people. And that kinds of things are making them extremely dangerous. 

Miniaturized robots are the next-generation tools for many things like sensing air pollution, and searching for fire in buildings. Observe rooms and tack unauthorized people. Or they can simply observe air quality in tomorrow's buildings. 

https://scitechdaily.com/magical-marvel-tiny-fairy-like-robot-flies-by-the-power-of-wind-and-light/

https://shorttextsofoldscholars.blogspot.com/

NASAs new DRACO engine takes a human to Mars in days.

"Artist concept of Demonstration for Rocket to Agile Cislunar Operations (DRACO) spacecraft, which will demonstrate a nuclear thermal rocket engine. Nuclear thermal propulsion technology could be used for future NASA crewed missions to Mars. (DARPA)" (Breaking Defense/NASA funding DRACO nuclear thermal rocket engine under deal with DARPA)

DRACO (Demonstration Rocket for Agile Cislunar Operations) is one of the most interesting nuclear thermal rocket engines in the history of that kind of research project. The DRACO engine heats hydrogen to 5000 degrees Fahrenheit or 2570 degrees Celsius. 

And the benefit of that kinds of systems is that their thrust is greater than electric propulsion. Nuclear thermal propulsion is like all other rocket engines. But it uses a nuclear reactor for expanding propellant. 

That allows many types of operations. When we think about the power of nuclear thermal propulsion it's one of the most promising engine systems in interplanetary missions. If the propellant like hydrogen comes to the engine from the upward or front side. 

It gives a very powerful punch to the front of the reactor chamber. And that kinds of systems are making it possible to transfer people to Mars in a short time which means a couple of days.

Also, nuclear thermal propulsion is a powerful tool for probes that should take samples to form Jupiter's and Saturn's moons. The thing is that the nuclear thermal propulsion system is not very sharp with the propellant. So the Jupiter or Saturn shuttle can fill its propellant tank from the hydrocarbon oceans or the giant planet's atmosphere. The only thing that limits the type of propellant is that it must travel through the turbine pump. 

The military can have many useful ideas for the DRACO system. 

The nuclear thermal engine can have many purposes. And that's why also DARPA is a participant in that project. The DRACO engine makes it possible to create the most powerful military systems ever created. In some visions, nuclear weapons would park to orbit other planets. 

And if those "super bombardment systems" are needed. The command center would give orders. And then the nuclear-powered device can aim at Earth. The speed that nuclear thermal propulsion can give to the system is enormous. 

The kinetic energy concrete-filled shell that is removed from the nuclear-powered carrier can hit the target with enormous power. In that model, the nuclear carrier continues its journey past Earth. When it released that "artificial meteorite". 

Or the system can also use a thermonuclear warhead. That is one of the most frightening visions that nuclear thermal systems can make. Researchers took the idea for that thing from "Project Orion". 

https://breakingdefense.com/2023/01/nasa-funding-draco-nuclear-thermal-rocket-engine-under-deal-with-darpa/

https://artificialintelligenceandindividuals.blogspot.com/

Nuclear rockets are the most effective tools for civil and military operators.

"Illustration of a Mars transit habitat and nuclear propulsion system that could one day take astronauts to Mars. Credit: NASA" ScitechDaily.com/Could a Nuclear Thermal Rocket Engine Power a Trip to Mars? NASA and DARPA Are Testing)

Nuclear thermal propulsion is a powerful system. It allows the possibility transfer spacecraft to Mars in a short time. If we compare that system with regular chemical rockets. Nuclear thermal propulsion is one of the most promising systems in the world for many other missions than just for the interplanetary drive. 

The nuclear-powered systems can use to make repairments service to space telescopes. That is orbiting the sun far away from Earth. Also, nuclear-powered space shuttles can operate freely in the orbiting trajectory. 

The nuclear-powered recon satellites or recon shuttles can wait at high orbiters. And then they can dive into the lower orbiter for their missions. And then return to a higher orbiter. 

Small-size nuclear reactors can use subcritical - or modified thorium reactors. In that system, an outcoming energy ray like a laser- or microwave radiation keeps fission going. 

Modular nuclear-powered systems can mount in the small suttle's cargo bay. Those miniature reactors can use the plutonium with weapon enrichment level or modified thorium technology. 

Modified thorium technology or subcritical nuclear reactors are safer than regular reactors. Subcritical nuclear reactors require laser or outcoming energy rays to maintain fission. Cutting energy rays ends the fission reaction. 

Nuclear reactors can use for powerful spaceborne lasers. 

Nuclear reactors can also use in spaceborne military satellites. If large-size satellites are far away from Earth that gives them time to react to incoming ASAT weapons. There is a possibility that four large-size recon satellites can see almost the entire Earth if they are at stationary trajectories. Those satellites are in a static position and they would turn their telescopes. And that allows that system to see all positions on Earth in seconds. Those satellites might be similar to the JWST telescope. 

But stationary recon satellites are good targets for ASAT weapons. That means they need the weapon system to defend themselves against kinetic energy ASAT. And those systems can use also be against other satellites. The same satellite can operate as recon and attack missions at least against other satellites. 

If the killer satellite is above all other satellites it can destroy targets by using high-power lasers or maser rays. The military killer satellite can al jam the communication of other satellites. And those systems can deny communication between nuclear submarines and command centers. 

https://scitechdaily.com/could-a-nuclear-thermal-rocket-engine-power-a-trip-to-mars-nasa-and-darpa-are-testing/

https://artificialintelligenceandindividuals.blogspot.com/

Is it possible to use asteroids as spacecraft?

The image above this text is David Hardy's vision of asteroid-looking spacecraft. The spacecraft has ion engines for maneuvers. In Hardy's vision is a possibility. The craft could be equipped with antimatter or powerful laser systems. That means it could defend itself against incoming asteroids. But that system could also bombard planets by using antimatter ions. 

The fictional asteroid craft was created by equipping the asteroid with systems like ion engines and other things like self-defense lasers. And maybe that kind of system is possible in the future. 

There was once a plan to use asteroids as bombs. In those plans. The creators of those kinds of weapons didn't mean to use natural asteroids. They planned to use aerodynamically shaped concrete profiles that will shoot against ground targets from the orbital trajectory. Those ammunitions destroy targets by using kinetic energy. And that's why those weapons are called meteorite bombers. 

Using asteroids as spacecraft is not a new idea. In some futuristic theories, alien civilizations and maybe humans in the far future will use asteroid spacecraft as reconnaissance or intelligence vehicles. The idea is that the craft that looks like an asteroid would operate unseen in interesting solar systems without disturbing other intelligent species. Those space reconnaissance spacecraft could be manned or controlled by artificial intelligence. 

In this text, I want to highlight one thing. That is that the asteroid recon vehicle is not necessarily manned. It might be a probe that is searching for intelligent lifeforms. When the asteroid Omuamua arrived in our solar system, that caused discussions about the possibility that it was an alien reconnaissance vehicle. The fact is this: nobody landed on Oumuamua. And that means we don't know if that thing is some probe or not so that thing is officially open. 

By the way...

Could the "Flying Dutchman" mean some UFO? 

Regularly people think that "Flying Dutchman" is fata morgana. If the light comes at a certain angle it will make the ship's shape in the air or rain. In some other theories, a tiny wormhole or Enstein-Rose bridge acts like a light cable and brings light from the past to modern times. 

Sometimes is introduced a theory famous "Flying Dutchman" is the alien recon vehicle. That theory is not mentioned, at least very often. And nobody ever visited the flying dutchman's deck. The thing is that the world is full of mysteries. And we should keep our minds open. So this is the reason why I wrote that the "Flying Dutchman" can be UFO.

 Nuclear reactors and ion engines could give a powerful propulsion system to the vehicle that masked to sail. The sails would be the heat exchangers for the nuclear reactor. The system could fly by using vertically and horizontally aimed ion engines. That vehicle could fly for years if it uses nuclear power. 

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