About futurism and things like interstellar traveling

Metal-fueled rockets are one type of the ion engine. Or they use the same method to create thrust as ion engines. The metal rocket uses metal vapor that the magnets drive backward. In space or inside the asteroid belt the system can get its energy from large solar panels. And outside the asteroid belt, the miniature nuclear reactor can give electricity to that system. In that kind of system, the long solar panels can also be used as a cooling system for the nuclear reactor. The metal engine can also use another material that it vaporizes. The metal engine can use magnetic metals as neutral atoms, which it drives through the acceleration track. But it can use ions and also things like water or hydrocarbons. In the last cases, the system ionizes material that travels through its acceleration track. Or it just raises the material temperature to make it expand. In those systems, the electric arc or some other electromagnetic radiation replaces combustion and causes the expansion of the fue...

"As the Sun matures into a Red Giant, the oceans will boil and Earth will become uninhabitable." (The Conversation, The sun won’t die for 5 billion years, so why do humans have only 1 billion years left on Earth?) Sooner or later, all stars use their hydrogen. And then they turn into red giants. Sun is a yellow G spectral class star that turns into a white dwarf. But before that, the sun will turn larger.  The sun turns red and that means. It starts to send more infrared radiation. This thing will turn Earth into a hellish temperature that vaporizes water from Earth.  It's possible. That Earth will also vaporize with Venus and Mercury. Some scientists say that we have only 1 billion years to move farther in the solar system. The habitable zone will go to the distance of Jupiter and Saturn, and maybe humans find a safe place in those distant moons.  It's possible that before Sun will grow too large humans make large groups of mirror satellites or large shields that sho...

The moonbase can involve cabin modules that have life support systems. The problem in the moonbase is radiation and micrometeorites. Also, solar wind or plasma flow from the sun can cause problems in the cabins. When high-energy plasma impacts the moonbase it causes radiation and electric pikes. And that's why there should be some kind of magnetic system like high-power electric magnets. That can pull that plasma away from the moon base.  In many models, there can also be a liquid hydrogen layer between manned module and space. The liquid hydrogen layer that is between the sun and the crew can absorb radiation effectively. Below the hydrogen layer can be space that denies hydrogen flow into the manned module. The hydrogen shell can be like a vault or "Chernobyl" nuclear site's sarcophagus around the manned modules. That structure's purpose is to protect the crew against the cosmic radiation.  But the moon concrete is the key element in the building site. Moon mine...

"Researchers have developed an innovative tool that accelerates the design of auxetic materials—materials that expand when compressed and contract when stretched. This could lead to broader applications in products requiring impact resistance and comfort, such as safety gear and apparel. Credit: SciTechDaily.com" (ScitechDaily,“Huge Advance” – New Technique Creates Common Sense-Defying Materials More Easily) The science known as auxetics researches the stretching of material.  Materials like rubber are auxetic materials because you can stretch that material. In normal situations, the auxetic materials turn thinner when somebody stretches them. But what if the material turns thicker? Or material stretches like that surface area turns larger. That thing makes it possible to create new solutions.  That stands for mechanic and electromagnetic stress in a new way. When the surface area of material grows the distance of its particles grows. That forms energy pockets where energy ca...

"Linköping University researchers have developed a sunlight-absorbing molecule that can store energy in chemical bonds. It has the potential for efficient capture and storage of solar energy." (ScitechDaily, New Molecule Developed to Store Solar Energy in Chemical Bonds) Some people say that modern quantum- and nanomaterials challenge the rules of physics. When we think about the nanomaterial's difference from regular material, nanotechnology offers an ultimate tool for making new types of structures. When we think possibility that the surface is made using DNA and steel plates, that thing gives a new ability to that thing.  The chain-looking structures can make self-repairing materials possible. The chain-looking structure also denies the spread of the damage if something hits the structure. The nano-particles are very small, and they can hover above the ground. That makes it possible to manipulate them using acoustic and light.  The molecules that can harness energy fro...

"Mechanism of Terahertz wave generation under electron emission in vacuum photodiode. Credit: Aleksandr Ushakov, Kseniia Mamaeva, Leonid Seleznev, Georgy Rizaev, Vladimir Bukin, Timophey Dolmatov, Pavel Chizhov, Vladimir Bagdasarov, Sergey Garnov" (ScitechDaily, When Particles Outrun Light: Unraveling the Mystery of Cherenkov Radiation) Chenrenkov radiation is radiation that a particle releases. When it hits into border layer. When a particle that travels in a vacuum hits the water or air its speed slows. And when a particle slows its speed it releases its kinetic energy in the form of the electromagnetic radiation that we see as the blue light shines near nuclear reactors. But actually, the sky is also blue because of Chernakov radiation.  When researchers want to make a laser, that uses Cherenkov radiation they must only make the laser with a water-filled laser element. Then accelerators shoot electrons or other particles into the water or some other medium. This effect for...